The year 2002 marked the 100th anniversary of the first installation of air-conditioning. During the past century, it has become a staple of American life; 83% of US homes are now air-conditioned. In this engaging social history, Marsha Ackermann explores how the idea of “cooling” became firmly embedded in the social perceptions and expectations of Americans, transforming our definition of comfort and the way we live, work, and play.

In the scorching heat of a summer day or the stifling humidity of a tropical night, we find ourselves seeking refuge in the cool embrace of air conditioning. It has become an integral part of our daily lives, offering us comfort, productivity, and improved well-being. As we flip the switch and relish the instant relief it provides, we often overlook the fascinating journey that led to the creation and widespread adoption of this revolutionary technology. "Cool Comfort: The Journey of Air Conditioning" takes you on a captivating expedition through time, exploring the origins, pioneers, and societal impact of air conditioning. This book delves into the historical roots of cooling techniques in ancient civilizations, revealing how the ingenuity of our ancestors laid the foundation for the modern-day luxury we often take for granted. We will meet the brilliant minds who tirelessly worked to overcome challenges, perfecting air conditioning systems to cater to the needs of various industries and human habitats. From Willis Carrier's groundbreaking invention to the cutting-edge technologies of tomorrow, we will uncover how air conditioning transformed industries, shaped architecture, and became an essential part of our modern lifestyle. Beyond the practicalities, this book will also explore the cultural significance of air conditioning and its influence on human behavior and societal norms. We'll confront environmental concerns and ponder the delicate balance between comfort and sustainability, seeking a responsible approach to cooling in an ever-warming world. The chapters within "Cool Comfort" will lead you through a chronicle of human ingenuity, scientific discoveries, and societal shifts that culminated in the modern air conditioning systems that now surround us. Each page invites you to marvel at the wonders of this technology, recognize its challenges, and envision its future possibilities. As you embark on this journey, I hope you will gain a deeper appreciation for the cool comfort we experience every day, and the incredible legacy that led us here. Whether you are a history enthusiast, a technology buff, or someone curious about the forces that shape our world, I invite you to join me in exploring the captivating story of air conditioning. Let us venture forth into the cool oasis of knowledge, celebrating the achievements of the past and embracing the opportunities of the future. Sincerely, Charles Nehme Author, "Cool Comfort: The Journey of Air Conditioning"

This “ambitious [and] delightful” (The New York Times) work of literary nonfiction interweaves the science and history of the powerful refrigerant (and dangerous greenhouse gas) Freon with a haunting meditation on how to live meaningfully and morally in a rapidly heating world. In After Cooling, Eric Dean Wilson braids together air-conditioning history, climate science, road trips, and philosophy to tell the story of the birth, life, and afterlife of Freon, the refrigerant that ripped a hole larger than the continental United States in the ozone layer. As he traces the refrigerant’s life span from its invention in the 1920s—when it was hailed as a miracle of scientific progress—to efforts in the 1980s to ban the chemical (and the resulting political backlash), Wilson finds himself on a journey through the American heartland, trailing a man who buys up old tanks of Freon stockpiled in attics and basements to destroy what remains of the chemical before it can do further harm. Wilson is at heart an essayist, looking far and wide to tease out what particular forces in American culture—in capitalism, in systemic racism, in our values—combined to lead us into the Freon crisis and then out. “Meticulously researched and engagingly written” (Amitav Ghosh), this “knockout debut” (New York Journal of Books) offers a rare glimpse of environmental hope, suggesting that maybe the vast and terrifying problem of global warming is not beyond our grasp to face.

The fundamental function of buildings is to provide safe and healthy shelter. For the fortunate they also provide comfort and delight. In the twentieth century comfort became a 'product' produced by machines and run on cheap energy. In a world where fossil fuels are becoming ever scarcer and more expensive, and the climate more extreme, the challenge of designing comfortable buildings today requires a new approach. This timely book is the first in a trilogy from leaders in the field which will provide just that. It explains, in a clear and comprehensible manner, how we stay comfortable by using our bodies, minds, buildings and their systems to adapt to indoor and outdoor conditions which change with the weather and the climate. The book is in two sections. The first introduces the principles on which the theory of adaptive thermal comfort is based. The second explains how to use field studies to measure thermal comfort in practice and to analyze the data gathered. Architects have gradually passed responsibility for building performance to service engineers who are largely trained to see comfort as the ‘product’, designed using simplistic comfort models. The result has contributed to a shift to buildings that use ever more energy. A growing international consensus now calls for low-energy buildings. This means designers must first produce robust, passive structures that provide occupants with many opportunities to make changes to suit their environmental needs. Ventilation using free, natural energy should be preferred and mechanical conditioning only used when the climate demands it. This book outlines the theory of adaptive thermal comfort that is essential to understand and inform such building designs. This book should be required reading for all students, teachers and practitioners of architecture, building engineering and management – for all who have a role in producing, and occupying, twenty-first century adaptive, low-carbon, comfortable buildings.

This time-tested text from distinguished leaders in the field of paralegal ethics offers comprehensive coverage of all the major areas of legal ethics, placing special emphasis on how the rules affect paralegals. This book is written for paralegal students, working paralegals, and lawyers who use their services. The authoritative presentation is combined with clear and readable pedagogy. Each chapter begins with an overview, followed by well-written text in a well-organized format. Key terms are introduced in italics. Review questions and discussion questions reinforce the material. Research projects at the end of each chapter provide ways to enhance and apply what has been learned. In addition, each chapter includes cases that demonstrate how the principles and rules are applied. The book is easily adaptable to courses of different lengths and can be used in substantive courses for additional ethics coverage. New to the Ninth Edition: Updated coverage of the evolving role of nonlawyers in providing legal services. Discussions of areas of growth and change in the legal profession, including the integration of technology, the use of marketing and advertising, greater competitiveness among firms, increased attorney mobility, the development of mega-firms, the impact of a global economy, more complex laws, legal specialization, and virtual work environments. New cases included throughout the text. Professors and students will benefit from: Authors are leading experts in the field, bringing deep knowledge and experience to the text. Written specifically for paralegal students. Comprehensive and up-to-date coverage, in a clear and authoritative text. Well-structured text with review questions, hypotheticals, discussion questions, research projects, and edited cases with questions to reinforce students' understanding of the material.

Managing IT in Construction/Managing Construction for Tomorrow presents new developments in:- Managing IT strategies - Model based management tools including building information modeling- Information and knowledge management- Communication and collaboration - Data acquisition and storage- Visualization and simulation- Architectural design and