Le point de départ de cette thèse est le fort développement de la nouvelle sociologie économique initiée dans les années 1970 par les sociologues américains Harrison White et Mark Granovetter. Cette sociologie a d'abord été très critique vis à vis de la théorie économique en lui reprochant d'ignorer volontairement les déterminants historiques et culturels des faits économiques. Dans mon travail, j'ai proposé une ré-évaluation de la réaction des économistes par rapport à cette critique. Dans les années 1990 à 2000, la nouvelle sociologie économique a intéressé des économistes habituellement taxés d'hétérodoxes et que l'on peut rapprocher de la mouvance institutionnaliste.. Comme les sociologues, ces économistes critiques on toujours accusé l'économie orthodoxe d'être trop réductionniste. Mais je soutiens ici que la sympathie des institutionnalistes vis à vis de la nouvelle sociologie économique n'arrive pas à déboucher sur un rapprochement théorique et que, paradoxalement, les convergences théoriques les plus prometteuses entre économie et sociologie passent maintenant par une branche de l'économie plus orthodoxe, bien que récente, que l'on peut appeler l'économie des réseaux. L'économie des réseaux se définit en première approximation comme la partie de l'économie complexe qui se réfère concept de réseau social. Pour mémoire, l'économie complexe est une approche économique qui emploie des modèles souvent issus de la physique statistique pour modéliser les marchés. Ses grands noms sont Thomas Schelling, Kenneth Arrow et David Arthur.

This comprehensive scientific work embraces, within the generic theme of "educations, territorialities and territories", the vast majority of different facets of the complex relationships between educations and territories that have developed over time. It sheds an original light on the many - and, for some, new - interactions between territories-territories, on the one hand, and educations, on the other hand, which have recently been identified and analyzed. Beyond this main objective, it contributes to improving the fine and differentiated understanding of the concept of territory in the sciences of education and training and, more importantly, it brings innovative developments to the still embryonic theorization of the complex relations between educations. and territories-territorialities. This book shows, in particular, through its surveys, its analyzes and its results, that within all the multiple influences attributed to the different dimensions of the territories, the very discrete territoriality - falling within the symbolic territory - is perhaps finally the the most important territorial vector in terms of education in certain areas (rural Montagnards, for example), particularly as regards educational and vocational guidance, but not only. Lastly, it is not uninteresting to note that the theme it bears is spreading more and more today beyond scientific circles: the problem of inequalities in education and orientation of territorial origin is fueling - recently - the controversies and the reflections of the French educational policy which is thus sometimes echoed - in declarative terms essentially for the moment! - scientific advances in this area

As media environments and communication practices evolve over time, so do theoretical concepts. This book analyzes some of the most well-known and fiercely discussed concepts of the digital age from a historical perspective, showing how many of them have pre-digital roots and how they have changed and still are constantly changing in the digital era. Written by leading authors in media and communication studies, the chapters historicize 16 concepts that have become central in the digital media literature, focusing on three main areas. The first part, Technologies and Connections, historicises concepts like network, media convergence, multimedia, interactivity and artificial intelligence. The second one is related to Agency and Politics and explores global governance, datafication, fake news, echo chambers, digital media activism. The last one, Users and Practices, is finally devoted to telepresence, digital loneliness, amateurism, user generated content, fandom and authenticity. The book aims to shed light on how concepts emerge and are co-shaped, circulated, used and reappropriated in different contexts. It argues for the need for a conceptual media and communication history that will reveal new developments without concealing continuities and it demonstrates how the analogue/digital dichotomy is often a misleading one.

Analysis of social theory of international stratification and of the practice of classifying countries of the world in one of three groups, (1) developed countries of private enterprise economy, (2) countries of collective economy, and (3) developing countries - covers sociological aspects of economic development, political aspects, cultural factors (the last with particular reference to developing countries), etc.

Play is one of humanity's straightforward yet deceitful ideas: though the notion is unanimously agreed upon to be universal, used for man and animal alike, nothing defines what all its manifestations share, from childish playtime to on stage drama, from sporting events to market speculation. Within the author's anthropological field of work (Mongolia and Siberia), playing holds a core position: national holidays are called "Games," echoing in that way the circus games in Ancient Rome and today's Olympics. These games convey ethical values and local identity. Roberte Hamayon bases her analysis of the playing spectrum on their scrutiny. Starting from fighting and dancing, encompassing learning, interaction, emotion and strategy, this study heads towards luck and belief as well as the ambiguity of the relation to fiction and reality. It closes by indicating two features of play: its margin and its metaphorical structure. Ultimately revealing its consistency and coherence, the author displays play as a modality of action of its own. "Playing is no 'doing' in the ordinary sense" once wrote Johan Huizinga. Isn't playing doing something else, elswhere and otherwise ?