According to the New Syllabus of ‘University of Lucknow’ as per the semester system

In the 18 chapters in this volume of Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, expert contributors gather together to examine the extent and characteristics of forensic accounting, a field which has been practiced for many years, but is still not internationally regulated yet.

Providing a comprehensive account which brings a wide range of countries to the forefront in terms of both comparability and accountability, this study shines a light on the differences in accounting systems between states, and fills a gap in the literature by combining these aspects of public sector accounting and auditing within a single book.

The business world needs to follow developments in the areas of accounting, auditing and finance in order to be able to adapt to globalization, technological advances and changing human needs. This book explores current issues in accounting, auditing and finance from a scientific point of view, and makes various suggestions for their solutions. In this context, the contributions here take into account the latest developments in the field and utilise a wide range of resources. The reader will learn about participation banks, audit risk, financial manipulation, forensic accounting, accounting errors, the effects of blockchain technologies, electronic finances, efficient markets hypothesis, integrated reporting, production costs, Islamic banking, enterprise risk management systems, and TAS16.

This comprehensive, well-received and thoroughly updated text, now in its Third Edition, continues to provide an in-depth analysis of the basic concepts of Auditing emphasising the practical aspects of the course. The book discusses in detail, classification and preparation of an audit, internal control system, internal audit, vouching of cash, trading and impersonal ledgers in addition to other topics. Besides, it deals with verification and valuation of assets and liabilities, company audit, cost audit, management audit, tax audit, bank audit as well as depreciation. The final chapters of the book give detailed description of business investigations, audit of special entities and auditing in EDP environment. Contemporary topics have been covered in the book to enlighten readers with the latest developments in the field of auditing, such as cost audit, tax audit, environmental audit and energy audit. The book is intended to serve as an indispensable text for undergraduate students of commerce as well as for CA and ICWA aspirants. New to this Edition • The Companies Act, 2013 (based on new company law). • Internal Audit chapter especially updated in the light of Section 138 of the Companies Act, 2013 and Rule 13 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 notified by MCA. • Cost Audit chapter based on the latest Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules, 2014, issued by MCA.

Since 1945, the United States has manufactured and deployed more than 70,000 nuclear weapons to deter and if necessary fight a nuclear war. Some observers believe the absence of a third world war confirms that these weapons were a prudent and cost-effective response to the uncertainty and fear surrounding the Soviet Union's military and political ambitions during the cold war. As early as 1950, nuclear weapons were considered relatively inexpensive— providing "a bigger bang for a buck"—and were thoroughly integrated into U.S. forces on that basis. Yet this assumption was never validated. Indeed, for more than fifty years scant attention has been paid to the enormous costs of this effort—more than $5 trillion thus far—and its short and long-term consequences for the nation. Based on four years of extensive research, Atomic Audit is the first book to document the comprehensive costs of U.S. nuclear weapons, assembling for the first time anywhere the actual and estimated expenditures for the program since its creation in 1940. The authors provide a unique perspective on U.S. nuclear policy and nuclear weapons, tracking their development from the Manhattan Project of World War II to the present day and assessing each aspect of the program, including research, development, testing, and production; deployment; command, control, communications, and intelligence; and defensive measures. They also examine the costs of dismantling nuclear weapons, the management and disposal of large quantities of toxic and radioactive wastes left over from their production, compensation for persons harmed by nuclear weapons activities, nuclear secrecy, and the economic implications of nuclear deterrence. Utilizing archival and newly declassified government documents and data, this richly documented book demonstrates how a variety of factors—the open-ended nature of nuclear deterrence, faulty assumptions about the cost-effectiveness of nuclear weapons, regular misrepresentati

Do audit cultures deliver greater responsibility, or do they stifle creative thought? We are all increasingly subjected to auditing, and alongside that, subject to accountability for our behaviour and actions. Audit cultures pervade in the workplace, our governmental and public institutions as well as academia. However, audit practices themselves have consequences, beneficial and detrimental, that often go unexamined. This book examines how pervasive practices of accountability are, the political and cultural conditions under which accountability flourishes and the consequences of their application. Twelve social anthropologists look at this influential and controversial phenomenon, and map out the effects around Europe and the Commonwealth, as well as in contexts such as the European Commission, the International Monetary Fund and Academic institutions. The result provides an excellent insight into auditing and its dependence on precepts of economic efficiency and ethical practice. This point of convergence between these moral and financial priorities provides an excellent opening for debate on the culture of management and accountability.