· INTRODUCTION Education is one of the most important factors in achieving the developmental goals of a country. Social Science is one among those subjects which is an essential element of education. Social Science is of great value and introduces the new ways of thinking reasoning and living. It develops the consciousness among' the individuals. Social Science is a subject which broadens the horizon of an individual and develops various skills and provides opportunity for the professional growth of an individual. Social Science has become a great value in the present day; Social Science has spread its net on all over the fields of life. Before the days of early printing when books were not easily available, the knowledge was imparted by the teachers from their own store by lecturing and discussion. With the advancement of educational technology and educational research the educationists evolved many teaching skills and techniques, which resulted in effective teaching. Social Science is such a subject which includes the skills, techniques, Methods, some time laboratory experiments, field study and so on. The teachers are required to teach in such a way that the students should learn better, understand well and also feel interested while learning. Hence in every school, there is need for Social Science laboratory to do simple demonstration and activities to develop scientific attitude, creativity, interest and attitude to get knowledge of handling equipment, models, specimens etc and to practice skills. Through practical knowledge a child learns better and understands the concepts clearly. Hence, activity based method of teaching is very essential to develop scientific and Critical Knowledge among the students at the secondary level.

First published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Psychology for the Classroom: Constructivism and Social Learning provides a lively introduction to the much debated topics of talk and group collaboration in classrooms, and the development of interactive approaches to teaching. The authors provide a background to research in constructivist and social learning theory, offering a broad and practical analysis which focuses on contemporary issues and strategies, including the use of e-learning and multimedia. Throughout the book theory is linked with its practical implications for everyday teaching and learning and chapters incorporate: the history of constructivist and social learning theory and key thinkers pedagogical implications practical strategies for the classroom constructivist theory and e-learning. Case studies and vignettes demonstrating best practice are used throughout the text, illustrating how monitored collaboration between learners can result in an effective learning environment where targets are met. Essential reading for practising teachers and students, this book is a valuable guide for those looking to provide effective teaching and learning within a constructivist framework.

This edited book is a collection of the latest empirical studies of translation and interpreting (T&I) from the post-structuralist perspective. The contributors are professors, readers, senior lecturers, lecturers, and research students from an international context. The contributions are characterised by five themes: Intervention in T&I Process of T&I Product of T&I T&I and technology T&I education These up-to-date topics are reflective of the shift in attitudes that is being witnessed as a new generation of translation scholars rejects the subjective assertions of previous generations, in favour of an altogether more rigorous approach. The book will notably contribute to the development of T&I and enhance our knowledge of the areas. It will be a useful reference for academics, postgraduate research students, and professional translators and interpreters. The book will also play a role in proposing practical and empirically based ways of training for universities and the industry, so as to overcome traditional barriers to translation and interpreting learning. The book will additionally provide reference material for relevant professional bodies.

This new edition updates the successful 2005 edition with the latest research on effective teaching and learning. Appropriate for primary and secondary education, the authors continue to provide a broad and comprehensive overview of what is now a large body of knowledge on effective teaching. The authors maintain their user-friendly style and the structure which takes in generic teaching skills; teaching for specific goals; subject specific strategies and other classroom issues. Each chapter is built around opening learning objectives.

In August 2003 over 400 researchers in the field of science education from all over the world met at the 4th ESERA conference in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands. During the conference 300 papers about actual issues in the field, such as the learning of scientific concepts and skills, scientific literacy, informal science learning, science teacher education, modeling in science education were presented. The book contains 40 of the most outstanding papers presented during the conference. These papers reflect the quality and variety of the conference and represent the state of the art in the field of research in science education.

First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.