A cognitive psychology which becomes increasingly specialized requires a special effort in order to avoid a fragmentation into several controversial issues that are independently discussed but also inherently related. Rather than asking additional differentiated questions which are then investigated by more specialized experimental methods and designs, this book promotes unified theories and a levels approach for their experimental evaluation. Within this cognitive science approach and on the basis of the most foundational assumptions of Kintsch's construction integration theory, a computational theory of knowledge acquisition is then developed and subsequently evaluated by psychological experiments. For forty years, computer simulation techniques and experimental psychology research have greatly matured the understanding of human knowledge and its acquisition in different learning environments. This volume critically assesses the advantages and limitations of these approaches and then develops an integrated research methodology. It goes on to provide significant progress concerning the following questions: * What are the most promising research methodologies for investigating human cognition? * How can the experimental psychology research on text comprehension, concept formation, and memory become more closely related to one another when the very specialized research paradigms and the highly specific scientific controversies promote their separation and independent discussion? * How can a general comprehension-based theory bridge the gap between simple experimental settings and the real-life situations that occur in education and work environments? This book demonstrates how experimental psychology can proceed more successfully by investigating those aspects that are shared among different areas of research like text comprehension, categorization, and learning by exploration. It also shows how unified theories can assist in applying experimental psychology and cognitive science results to areas such as intelligent tutoring systems, instructional design, and the development of expert systems in complex real world domains.

A cognitive psychology which becomes increasingly specialized requires a special effort in order to avoid a fragmentation into several controversial issues that are independently discussed but also inherently related. Rather than asking additional differentiated questions which are then investigated by more specialized experimental methods and designs, this book promotes unified theories and a levels approach for their experimental evaluation. Within this cognitive science approach and on the basis of the most foundational assumptions of Kintsch's construction integration theory, a computational theory of knowledge acquisition is then developed and subsequently evaluated by psychological experiments. For forty years, computer simulation techniques and experimental psychology research have greatly matured the understanding of human knowledge and its acquisition in different learning environments. This volume critically assesses the advantages and limitations of these approaches and then develops an integrated research methodology. It goes on to provide significant progress concerning the following questions: * What are the most promising research methodologies for investigating human cognition? * How can the experimental psychology research on text comprehension, concept formation, and memory become more closely related to one another when the very specialized research paradigms and the highly specific scientific controversies promote their separation and independent discussion? * How can a general comprehension-based theory bridge the gap between simple experimental settings and the real-life situations that occur in education and work environments? This book demonstrates how experimental psychology can proceed more successfully by investigating those aspects that are shared among different areas of research like text comprehension, categorization, and learning by exploration. It also shows how unified theories can assist in applying experimental psychology and cognitive science results to areas such as intelligent tutoring systems, instructional design, and the development of expert systems in complex real world domains.

One of the most intriguing questions about the new computer technology that has appeared over the past few decades is whether we humans will ever be able to make computers learn. As is painfully obvious to even the most casual computer user, most current computers do not. Yet if we could devise learning techniques that enable computers to routinely improve their performance through experience, the impact would be enormous. The result would be an explosion of new computer applications that would suddenly become economically feasible (e. g. , personalized computer assistants that automatically tune themselves to the needs of individual users), and a dramatic improvement in the quality of current computer applications (e. g. , imagine an airline scheduling program that improves its scheduling method based on analyzing past delays). And while the potential economic impact of successful learning methods is sufficient reason to invest in research into machine learning, there is a second significant reason: studying machine learning helps us understand our own human learning abilities and disabilities, leading to the possibility of improved methods in education. While many open questions remain about the methods by which machines and humans might learn, significant progress has been made.

"I unconditionally welcome the book and recommend it to all practitioners and other interested persons in the complete knowledge that, over time, it will stand as being one of the most authoritative books ever published in this area." The Hon. Mr Justice William McKechnie, Judge of the Supreme Court, in the foreword to the first edition of A Practical Guide to Medical Negligence Litigation. Medical negligence actions are complex, emotive and highly contentious types of tort litigation. Medical Negligence Litigation provides legal practitioners with an explanation of the key legal principles at play and gives comprehensive and authoritative analysis of claims from the taking of first instructions right through until trial. Areas covered include: - Breach of duty - Causation - Remoteness of damage - Quantification of damages - Formulation of a medical negligence claim - Inquests into hospital deaths - Medical records - Discovery - Preparation of proofs - Independent expert opinion - Statute of limitations The new edition covers all relevant cases and legislation since 2016 including: · Morrissey v HSE (proper standard of care to be adopted by cervical cancer screeners) · McCormack v Timlin (error in diagnosis/interpretation may not equate to negligence) · Kelly v Farrell (general and approved practice defence and inherent defects) · Mangan v Dockeray (duty to have supportive expert evidence to pursue action) · Green v Hardiman and O'Sullivan v Ireland (statute of limitations and date of knowledge principles) · O'Flynn v HSE (correct procedures for exchange of expert reports) · Crean v Harty (requirement for precision in pleadings) · Personal injury guidelines (2021) · Coroners (Amendment) Act 2019 · Civil Law and Criminal Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2020 In addition two new chapters have been added: · Termination and Wrongful Birth Claims · The Lump-Sum Award and the Discount Rate This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's Irish Medical Law online service.

This book features the latest research in the area of immersive technologies, presented at the 5th International Augmented and Virtual Reality Conference, held in Munich, Germany in 2019. Bridging the gap between academia and industry, it presents the state of the art in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies and their applications in various industries such as marketing, education, healthcare, tourism, events, fashion, entertainment, retail and the gaming industry. The volume is a collection of research papers by prominent AR and VR scholars from around the globe. Covering the most significant topics in the field of augmented and virtual reality and providing the latest findings, it is of interest to academics and practitioners alike.

This resource addresses the steps for actually doing the deal in a mergers and acquisition transaction. This detailed guide is designed for all customary structures of acquisition transactions (i.e. merger, asset sale, stock sale, share exchanges) and covers the purchase of both publicly and privately held businesses. However, the book covers a greater emphasis on private deals.