'Tin in Antiquity' is the first comprehensive history of the early metallurgy of tin, a mine of information on this rare, highly prized metal so vital to the developing civilization of the Bronze Age. The origins of tin have always been a mystery, but the author has unearthed archaeological evidence from all over the world to trace the tinfields used before the discovery of European deposits. He takes us on a fascinating voyage of discovery through the Ancient World, delving into mythology, and enlivening his scholarly text with quotations from the Classics and humorous anecdotes. As his name suggests, Roger Penhallurick's roots are deep in Cornwall- formerly the world's largest tin producer, and still the greatest in Europe. So it is fitting that the Cornish section comprises almost half the book, for the first time collecting together all the evidence for tin streaming between 2000 BC and AD 1000. All surviving artifacts recovered from the tin workings are illustrated and put in their archaeological context. The book is lavishly illustrated throughout, including many rare old photos, and has a full bibliography of the wealth of sources that have contributed to this work.

A technological and often technical study of mining and metalworking in south west Iberia from the Chalcolithic to the Late Bronze Age.

Whether the Phoenicians and t he In the south-west of the Iberian Carthaginians ever actually worked Peninsula there is a vast pyritic the mines , or were merely traders, is mineral ised zone, known as the not certain , but after 205 BC, when Andevallo, extending from near they defeated the Carthagi nians, the Seville to south of Lisbon, an area Romans brought their own men skilled some 150 kilometres long and 30 in mining and metallurgy. kilometres wide. The Romans occupied most of the The Rio Tinta Mines , which are the Iberian Peninsula for 600 years , largest of this "pyrites belt" , lie until about 425 AD - the most recent in the region known as Andalusia, Roman coins found at Rio Tinto show some 90 kilometres north-west of the head of Honorius who was emperor Seville and 75 kilometres north-east from 395 to 423 AD. Mining must of Huelv8 . They have a very long have declined with the invasion of history, dating back to pre-Iberian Barbarians in the 5th century and the times; then came the Iberians , a race subsequent entr y of the Visigoths who of North African origin (Turdetarian were eventually absorbed into the and Tartessian) , the Phoenicians , the people of Spain. In 711 AD the Carthaginians , the Romans , the Moors, Moors invaded the Peninsula from the Spaniards and the British. It North Africa.

Nearly every aspect of daily life in the Mediterranean world and Europe during the florescence of the Greek and Roman cultures is relevant to the topics of engineering and technology. This volume highlights both the accomplishments of the ancient societies and the remaining research problems, and stimulates further progress in the history of ancient technology. The subject matter of the book is the technological framework of the Greek and Roman cultures from ca. 800 B.C. through ca. A.D. 500 in the circum-Mediterranean world and Northern Europe. Each chapter discusses a technology or family of technologies from an analytical rather than descriptive point of view, providing a critical summation of our present knowledge of the Greek and Roman accomplishments in the technology concerned and the evolution of their technical capabilities over the chronological period. Each presentation reviews the issues and recent contributions, and defines the capacities and accomplishments of the technology in the context of the society that used it, the available "technological shelf," and the resources consumed. These studies introduce and synthesize the results of excavation or specialized studies. The chapters are organized in sections progressing from sources (written and representational) to primary (e.g., mining, metallurgy, agriculture) and secondary (e.g., woodworking, glass production, food preparation, textile production and leather-working) production, to technologies of social organization and interaction (e.g., roads, bridges, ships, harbors, warfare and fortification), and finally to studies of general social issues (e.g., writing, timekeeping, measurement, scientific instruments, attitudes toward technology and innovation) and the relevance of ethnographic methods to the study of classical technology. The unrivalled breadth and depth of this volume make it the definitive reference work for students and academics across the spectrum of classical studies.

The Phoenicians created the Mediterranean world as we know it--yet they remain a poorly understood group. In this Handbook, the first of its kind in English, readers will find expert essays covering the history, culture, and areas of settlement throughout the Phoenician and Punic world.