This book provides an empirically formulated foundation for conflict-sensitive conservation, a field in which the existing literature relies primarily on anecdotal evidence. Seeking to better understand the impact of conflict on the implementation and outcomes of environmental projects, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Independent Evaluation Office and the Environmental Law Institute undertook an evaluation of GEF support to fragile and conflict-affected contexts. Following a qualitative and quantitative analysis of documents from more than 4,000 projects, the research team discovered a statistically significant negative correlation between a country’s Fragile States Index score and the implementation quality of environmental projects in that country. In this book, the evaluation and research team explain these groundbreaking findings in detail, highlighting seven key case studies: Afghanistan, Albertine Rift, Balkans, Cambodia, Colombia, Lebanon, and Mali. Drawing upon additional research and interviews with GEF project implementation staff, the volume illustrates the pathways through which conflict and fragility frequently impact environmental projects. It also examines how practitioners and sponsoring institutions can plan and implement their projects to avoid or mitigate these issues and find opportunities to promote peacebuilding through their environmental interventions. Examining data from 164 countries and territories, this innovative book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental management, conservation, international development, and the fast-growing field of environmental peacebuilding. It will also be a great resource for practitioners working in these important fields. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

We brought the two lines Asia, conducted in partnership with IUCN; an of inquiry together, examining the peace and conflict assessment of the peace and conflict impacts of contributions of conservation activities in conflict zones. [...] While it is difficult to draw a singular, organizations on how to more effectively address the defining lesson from our work in the Albertine Rift, we root causes of natural resource-based conflict, how to have come to appreciate the unique and oftentimes minimize the risk of their activities exacerbating thankless role of conservation actors; working in conflict conflict, and how to maximize oppo [...] While most of the encroachers are aware of the prevailing social and economic tensions at planned relocation, the potential for conflict remains high: the the root of violent conflict.3 Issues such as interruption of livelihoods may undermine the ability of people political marginalization, growing income to meet basic needs; the distribution of resources during the disparities and ethnic identity [...] Some of the groups decided to establish conservancies across undermine the ability of people to their land to mitigate the conflict (as well as reverse environment survive and thrive, potentially degradation on their land and attract tourists to the region). [...] Having used this participation not only facilitates greater guidance to assess the capacity of your organization to engagement between the community and the adopt conflict sensitivity, allocate the necessary human organization, but also helps to ensure that your resources and develop a set of principles to guide the work is relevant and appropriate.

CSC is conservation programming and implementation that takes into account the causes and impacts of conflict and the actors involved in order to minimize conflict risks and maximize peace-building opportunities.1 Conservationists participating in the workshop were trained on the principles of CSC, how to identify and analyze key conservation conflicts in each ecosystem, and how to develop appropr [...] Driven by a number of root causes, including the weak application of the law, a lack of awareness of the park's borders, a lack of alternate livelihood options in the region and the continued presence of armed groups in MNP, the conflict threatens the integrity of the park and results in significant tensions between ICCN and the local population. [...] The farms, pasture lands and mines that now occupy the land have fragmented the landscape, effectively blocking animal migrations between the two zones and threatening the biodiversity of the park. [...] Once working groups identified the conflicts affecting their conservation landscapes, these conflicts were then prioritized for further analysis and action, depending on the severity of their human impacts (the damage inflicted by the conflict on community livelihoods) and their conservation impacts (the direct and indirect effects of the conflict on the park and the activities of ICCN). [...] The conflicts with the highest human and conservation impacts (i.e., the conflicts of highest priority) are identified for each protected area in the figures below; those conflicts with the highest combined conservation and human impacts are found in the top left square of each figure (see Figures 3, 4 and 5 below).