About the Book India has a rich grammatical tradition, still extant in the form of PÀõini’s grammar as well as the theories of verbal cognition. These two together provide a formal theory of language communication. The formal nature of the theory makes it directly relevant to the new technology called Natural Language Processing. This book, first presents the key concepts from the Indian Grammatical Tradition (IGT) that are necessary for understanding the information flow in a language string and its dynamics. A fresh look at these concepts from the perspective of Natural Language Processing is provided. This is then followed by a concrete application of building a parser for Sanskrit using the framework of Indian Grammatical Tradition. This book not only documents the salient pieces of work carried out over the last quarter century under Computational Paninian Grammar, but provides the first comprehensive exposition of the ideas involved. It fills a gap for students of Computational Linguistics/Natural Language Processing who are working on Indian languages using PÀõinian Grammatical Framework for developing their computational models and do not have direct access to the texts in Sanskrit. Similarly for the Sanskrit scholars and the students it provides an example of concrete application of the Indian theories to solve a contemporary problem. About the Author Amba Kulkarni is a computational linguist. Since 1991 she has been engaged in showing the relevance of Indian Grammatical Tradition to the field of computational linguistics. She has contributed towards the building of Anusaarakas (language accessors) among English and Indian languages. She is the founder head of the Department of Sanskrit Studies, University of Hyderabad established in 2006. Since then her focus of research is on use of Indian grammatical theories for computational processing of Sanskrit texts. Under her leadership, a consortium of institutes developed several computational tools for Sanskrit and also a prototype of Sanskrit–Hindi Machine Translation system. In 2015, she was awarded a “Vishishta Sanskrit Sevavrati Sammana” by the Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, New Delhi for her contribution to the studies and research on Sanskrit-based knowledge system. She was a fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla during 2015-17.

Sanskrit is the primary culture-bearing language of India, with a continuous production of literature in all ?elds of human endeavor over the course of four millennia. Precededbyastrongoraltraditionofknowledgetransmission,records of written Sanskrit remain in the form of inscriptions dating back to the ?rst centuryB. C. E. Extantmanuscriptsin Sanskritnumber over30million,one h- dred times those in Greek and Latin combined, constituting the largest cultural heritage that any civilization has produced prior to the invention of the printing press. Sanskrit works include extensive epics; subtle and intricate philosophical, mathematical, medical, legal, and scienti?c treatises; and imaginative and rich literary,poetic,anddramatictexts. WhiletheSanskritlanguageisofpreeminent importance to the intellectual and cultural heritage of India, the importance of the intellectual and cultural heritage of India to the rest of the world during the pastfewmillennia andinthe presenteracanhardlybe overestimated. The int- lectualandculturalheritageofIndia hasbeen amajorfactor inthedevelopment of the world's religions, languages, literature, arts, sciences, and history. Sanskritdocumentsaremovingintothedigitalmedium. Recentdecadeshave witnessed the growth of machine-readable Sanskrit texts in archives such as 1 the Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien (TITUS), Ky- 2 3 oto University, Indology, the Gottingen ¨ Register of Electronic Texts in In- 4 dian Languages. The last few years have witnessed a burgeoning of digital images of Sanskrit manuscripts and books hosted on-line.

This volume presents edited versions of shortlisted papers accepted for presentation in the session 'Computational Sanskrit and Digital Humanities' at the 18th World Sanskrit Conference during Jan 9-13, 2023 in online mode. The physical conference was delayed by two years due to the global pandemic situation. Thus there were two rounds of calls for submissions. In order to disseminate the research among the scholars, the convenors of the Computational Sanskrit and Digital Humanities decided to hold an online event after the first round of submission. We thank the organisers of the World Sanskrit Conference and in particular the International Association of Sanskrit Studies for giving us permission to hold this event online. The papers shortlisted in the first round were presented at the online event during Jan 11-12, 2022, as well.

IDH Religion provides a series of short introductions to specific areas of study at the intersections of digital humanities and religion, offering an overview of current methodologies, techniques, tools, and projects as well as defining challenges and opportunities for further research. This volume explores DH and Buddhism in four sections: Theory and Method; Digital Conservation, Preservation and Archiving; Digital Analysis; Digital Resources. It covers themes such as language processing, digital libraries, online lexicography, and ethnographic methods. Erratum: Unfortunately there is a mistake in the print version in the last paragraph of page 14. READ is an open-source software system developed by a team consisting of Stefan Baums at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Andrew Glass in Seattle, Ian McCrabb at the University of Sydney and Stephen White in Venice (https://github.com/readsoftware/read).

IDH Religion provides a series of short introductions to specific areas of study at the intersections of digital humanities and religion, offering an overview of current methodologies, techniques, tools, and projects as well as defining challenges and opportunities for further research. This volume explores DH and Buddhism in four sections: Theory and Method; Digital Conservation, Preservation and Archiving; Digital Analysis; Digital Resources. It covers themes such as language processing, digital libraries, online lexicography, and ethnographic methods. Erratum: Unfortunately there is a mistake in the print version in the last paragraph of page 14. READ is an open-source software system developed by a team consisting of Stefan Baums at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Andrew Glass in Seattle, Ian McCrabb at the University of Sydney and Stephen White in Venice (https://github.com/readsoftware/read).

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advanced Communication and Intelligent Systems, ICACIS 2023, held in Warsaw, Poland, during June 16–17, 2023 The 22 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 221 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Wireless Communication, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Robotics & Automation, Data Science, IoT and Smart Applications