Advances in semi-automated high-throughput image data collection routines, coupled with a decline in storage costs and an increase in high-performance computing solutions have led to an exponential surge in data collected by biomedical scientists and medical practitioners. Interpreting this raw data is a challenging task, and nowhere is this more evident than in the field of opthalmology. The sheer speed at which data on cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and other eye disorders are collected, makes it impossible for the human observer to directly monitor subtle, yet critical details. This book is a novel and well-timed endeavor to present, in an amalgamated format, computational image modeling methods as applied to various extrinsic scientific problems in ophthalmology. It is self-contained and presents a highly comprehensive array of image modeling algorithms and methodologies relevant to ophthalmologic problems. The book is the first of its kind, bringing eye imaging and multi-dimensional hyperspectral imaging and data fusion of the human eye, into focus. The editors are at the top of their fields and bring a strong multidisciplinary synergy to this visionary volume. Their "inverted-pyramid" approach in presenting the content, and focus on core applications, will appeal to students and practitioners in the field.

Successful thermal modeling of the human eye helps in the early diagnosis of eye abnormalities such as inflammation, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma-all leading causes of blindness. This book presents a unified work of eye imaging and modeling techniques that have been proposed and applied to ophthalmologic problems. It delves into various morphological, texture, higher order spectra, and wavelet transformation techniques used to extract important diagnostic features from images, which can then be analyzed by a data scientist for automated diagnosis.

Available again, an influential book that offers a framework for understanding visual perception and considers fundamental questions about the brain and its functions. David Marr's posthumously published Vision (1982) influenced a generation of brain and cognitive scientists, inspiring many to enter the field. In Vision, Marr describes a general framework for understanding visual perception and touches on broader questions about how the brain and its functions can be studied and understood. Researchers from a range of brain and cognitive sciences have long valued Marr's creativity, intellectual power, and ability to integrate insights and data from neuroscience, psychology, and computation. This MIT Press edition makes Marr's influential work available to a new generation of students and scientists. In Marr's framework, the process of vision constructs a set of representations, starting from a description of the input image and culminating with a description of three-dimensional objects in the surrounding environment. A central theme, and one that has had far-reaching influence in both neuroscience and cognitive science, is the notion of different levels of analysis—in Marr's framework, the computational level, the algorithmic level, and the hardware implementation level. Now, thirty years later, the main problems that occupied Marr remain fundamental open problems in the study of perception. Vision provides inspiration for the continuing efforts to integrate knowledge from cognition and computation to understand vision and the brain.

Computational Retinal Image Analysis: Tools, Applications and Perspectives gives an overview of contemporary retinal image analysis (RIA) in the context of healthcare informatics and artificial intelligence. Specifically, it provides a history of the field, the clinical motivation for RIA, technical foundations (image acquisition modalities, instruments), computational techniques for essential operations, lesion detection (e.g. optic disc in glaucoma, microaneurysms in diabetes) and validation, as well as insights into current investigations drawing from artificial intelligence and big data. This comprehensive reference is ideal for researchers and graduate students in retinal image analysis, computational ophthalmology, artificial intelligence, biomedical engineering, health informatics, and more. - Provides a unique, well-structured and integrated overview of retinal image analysis - Gives insights into future areas, such as large-scale screening programs, precision medicine, and computer-assisted eye care - Includes plans and aspirations of companies and professional bodies

Advanced image processing and mathematical modeling techniques are increasingly being used for the early diagnosis of eye diseases. A comprehensive review of the field, Human Eye Imaging and Modeling details the latest advances and analytical techniques in ocular imaging and modeling. The first part of the book looks at imaging of the fundus as well as infrared imaging. It begins by exploring developments in the analysis of fundus images, particularly for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. It also reviews anterior segment imaging and reports on developments in ocular thermography, especially the use of thermal imaging as the basis of tear evaporimetry and dry eye diagnosis. The second part of the book delves into mathematical modeling of the human eye. Coverage includes modeling of the eye during retinal laser surgery, a framework for optical simulation, heat distribution using a 3D web-splines solution, and exposure to laser radiation. The text also examines computer simulation of the human eye based on principles of heat transfer, as well as various bioheat equations to predict interior temperatures based on the surface temperature. Featuring contributions by established experts in eye imaging, this is a valuable reference for medical personnel and researchers who want to know more about state-of-the-art computer-based imaging and detection methods. It presents novel imaging and modeling algorithms that can aid in early diagnosis, with the aim of enriching the lives of people suffering from eye abnormalities.

The refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns are presented in this volume. The papers cover motion detection and tracking, medical imaging, biometrics, color, curves and surfaces beyond two dimensions, reading characters, words and lines, image segmentation, shape, image registration and matching, signal decomposition and invariants, and features and classification.

The book details deep learning models like ANN, RNN, LSTM, in many industrial sectors such as transportation, healthcare, military, agriculture, with valid and effective results, which will help researchers find solutions to their deep learning research problems. We have entered the era of smart world devices, where robots or machines are being used in most applications to solve real-world problems. These smart machines/devices reduce the burden on doctors, which in turn make their lives easier and the lives of their patients better, thereby increasing patient longevity, which is the ultimate goal of computer vision. Therefore, the goal in writing this book is to attempt to provide complete information on reliable deep learning models required for e-healthcare applications. Ways in which deep learning can enhance healthcare images or text data for making useful decisions are discussed. Also presented are reliable deep learning models, such as neural networks, convolutional neural networks, backpropagation, and recurrent neural networks, which are increasingly being used in medical image processing, including for colorization of black and white X-ray images, automatic machine translation images, object classification in photographs/images (CT scans), character or useful generation (ECG), image caption generation, etc. Hence, reliable deep learning methods for the perception or production of better results are a necessity for highly effective e-healthcare applications. Currently, the most difficult data-related problem that needs to be solved concerns the rapid increase of data occurring each day via billions of smart devices. To address the growing amount of data in healthcare applications, challenges such as not having standard tools, efficient algorithms, and a sufficient number of skilled data scientists need to be overcome. Hence, there is growing interest in investigating deep learning models and their use in e-healthcare applications. Audience Researchers in artificial intelligence, big data, computer science, and electronic engineering, as well as industry engineers in transportation, healthcare, biomedicine, military, agriculture.