This book provides an in-depth review of machine translation by discussing in detail a particular method, called compositional translation, and a particular system, Rosetta, which is based on this method. The Rosetta project is a unique combination of fundamental research and large-scale implementation. The book covers all scientifically interesting results of the project, highlighting the advantages of designing a translation system based on a relation between reversible compositional grammars. The power of the method is illustrated by presenting elegant solutions to a number of well-known translation problems. The most outstanding characteristic of the book is that it provides a firm linguistic foundation for machine translation. For this purpose insights from Montague Grammar are integrated with ideas developed within the Chomskyan tradition, in a computationally feasible framework. Great care has been taken to introduce the basic concepts of the underlying disciplines to the uninitiated reader, which makes the book accessible to a wide audience, including linguists, computer scientists, logicians and translators.

Computer-assisted translation (CAT) has always used translation memories, which require the translator to have a corpus of previous translations that the CAT software can use to generate bilingual lexicons. This can be problematic when the translator does not have such a corpus, for instance, when the text belongs to an emerging field. To solve this issue, CAT research has looked into the leveraging of comparable corpora, i.e. a set of texts, in two or more languages, which deal with the same topic but are not translations of one another. This work had two primary objectives. The first is to assess the input of lexicons extracted from comparable corpora in the context of a specialized human translation task. The second objective is to identify bilingual-lexicon-extraction methods which best match the translators' needs, determining the current limits of these techniques and suggesting improvements. The author focuses, in particular, on the identification of fertile translations, the management of multiple morphological structures, and the ranking of candidate translations. The experiments are carried out on two language pairs (English–French and English–German) and on specialized texts dealing with breast cancer. This research puts significant emphasis on applicability – methodological choices are guided by the needs of the final users. This book is organized in two parts: the first part presents the applicative and scientific context of the research, and the second part is given over to efforts to improve compositional translation. The research work presented in this book received the PhD Thesis award 2014 from the French association for natural language processing (ATALA).

In this theoretical monograph, Edwin Williams demonstrates that when syntax is economical, it economizes on shape distortion rather than on distance. According to Williams, this new notion of economy calls for a new architecture for the grammatical system—in fact, for a new notion of derivation. The new architecture offers a style of clausal embedding—the Level Embedding Scheme—that predictively ties together the locality, reconstructive behavior, and "target" type of any syntactic process in a way that is unique to the model. Williams calls his theory "Representation Theory" to put the notion of economy at the forefront. Syntax, in this theory, is a series of representations of one sublanguage in another.

This book originates from the International Symposium on Compositionality, COMPOS'97, held in Bad Malente, Germany in September 1997. The 25 chapters presented in revised full version reflect the current state of the art in the area of compositional reasoning about concurrency. The book is a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in formal systems design and analysis; it also is well suited for self study and use in advanced courses.

Semantics: A Reader contains a broad selection of classic articles on semantics and the semantics/pragmatics interface. Comprehensive in the variety and breadth of theoretical frameworks and topics that it covers, it includes articles representative of the major theoretical frameworks within semantics, including: discourse representation theory, dynamic predicate logic, truth theoretic semantics, event semantics, situation semantics, and cognitive semantics. All the major topics in semantics are covered, including lexical semantics and the semantics of quantified noun phrases, adverbs, adjectives, performatives, and interrogatives. Included are classic papers in the field of semantics as well as papers written especially for the volume. The volume comes with an extensive introduction designed not only to provide an overview of the field, but also to explain the technical concepts the beginner will need to tackle before the more demanding articles. Semantics will have appeal as a textbook for upper level and graduate courses and as a reference for scholars of semantics who want the classic articles in their field in one convenient place.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems, FMICS 2023, held in Antwerp, Belgium, during September 20–22, 2023. The 14 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions. The papers focus on development and application of formal methods in industry. FMICS is a platform for scientists and engineers who are active in the area of formal methods and interested in exchanging their experiences in the industrial usage of these methods. FMICS also strives to promote research and development for the improvement of formal methods and tools for industrial applications.

This book is a collection of articles about the influence that the recent greater scope and availability of wide area networks is having on the semantics, design, and implementa tion of programming languages. The Internet has long provided a global computing in frastructure but, for most of its history, there has not been much interest in programming languages tailored specifically to that infrastructure. More recently, the Web has pro duced a widespread interest in global resources and, as a consequence, in global pro grammability. It is now commonplace to discuss how programs can be made to run effectively and securely over the Internet. The Internet has already revolutionized the distribution and access of information, and is in the process of transforming commerce and other areas of fundamental importance. In the field of programming languages, the Internet is having a deep revitalizing effect, by challenging many fundamental assumptions and requiring the development of new concepts, programming constructs, implementation techniques, and applications. This book is a snapshot of current research in this active area. The articles in this book were presented at the Workshop on Internet Programming Lan guages, which was held on May 13, 1998 at Loyola University, Chicago, USA. The pa pers submitted to the workshop were screened by the editors. After the workshop, the presented papers were refereed by an external reviewer and one of the editors, resulting in the current selection.