The monograph focuses on the typological differences between the four most widely spoken Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese, French and Italian) and Czech. Utilizing data from InterCorp, the parallel corpus project of the Czech National Corpus, the book analyses various categories (expression of potential non-volitional participation, iterativity, causation, beginning of an action and adverbial subordination) to discover differences and similarities between Czech and the Romance languages. Due to the massive amount of data mined, as well as the high number of languages examined, the monograph presents general and individual typological features of the four Romance languages and Czech that often exceed what has previously been accepted in the field of comparative linguistics.

The present volume seeks to contribute some studies to the subfield of Empirical Translation Studies and thus aid in extending its reach within the field of translation studies and thus in making our discipline more rigorous and fostering a reproducible research culture. The Translation in Transition conference series, across its editions in Copenhagen (2013), Germersheim (2015) and Ghent (2017), has been a major meeting point for scholars working with these aims in mind, and the conference in Barcelona (2019) has continued this tradition of expanding the sub-field of empirical translation studies to other paradigms within translation studies. This book is a collection of selected papers presented at that fourth Translation in Transition conference, held at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona on 19–20 September 2019.

Egalement, elle propose que la formation des constructions causatives dépend de la contrainte sémantique sur l'objet du verbe enchâssé.

This volume, which can be considered as a follow-up publication to Pusch & Wesch (2003), contains ten studies on verbal periphrases in a wide array of Romance languages, both in a synchronic and in a historic perspective. Thus, this collective volume addresses the Romance verbal periphrastic system as a whole. The aim of the contributions is twofold: on the one hand, the authors intend to enrich the knowledge about the inventory of verbal periphrases of Romance languages, both in descriptive and analytical terms. On the other hand, the volume seeks to provide new insights for the study of the grammatical, pragmatic, and cognitive foundations of verbal periphrases, in order to enlarge our comprehension of their genesis, their evolution and their usage. Languages treated in the contributions include Catalan, (European) French, Friulian, (European) Portuguese, Romanian, (European) Spanish, and Catalan Sign Language (LSC).

It also examines the pragmatic foundations of causatives, an important but previously unexplored area of study. This book will be essential and stimulating reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students involved in language typology and universals, historical linguistics, language and cognition, and pragmatics and will be an invaluable reference book for professional linguists in both teaching and research.

This Book Covers The Following Topics: What are “Causative Sentences”? Causative Sentences -- HAVE Structure 1(A) ---- Active Causative Structure Structure 1(B) ---- Passive Causative Structure Structure 2(A) ---- Active Causative Structure Structure 2(B) ---- Passive Causative Structure Structure 3(A) ---- Active Causative Structure Structure 3(B) ---- Passive Causative Structure Causative Verb ‘Have’ and Tense Change Causative Sentences -- GET Structure (1) ---- Active Causative Structure Structure (2) ---- Passive Causative Structure Causative Verb ‘Get’ and Tense Change Causative Sentences -- MAKE Causative Sentences -- LET Causative Sentences -- HELP Sentences with Verb ‘Cause’ Other ‘Causative Verbs’ Use of ‘Modal Verbs’ with Causative Verbs Exercises: 1(A) and 1(B) Exercises: 2(A) and 2(B) Exercises: 3(A) and 3(B) Exercises: 4(A) and 4(B) Sample This: What are “Causative Sentences”? In a causative, a person or thing does not perform an action directly. The subject (person or thing) causes it to happen by forcing, persuading, assisting, etc. an agent (another person or thing) to perform it. The subject (person or thing) does not carry out an action oneself but rather has the action done by an agent (another person or thing). Examples: The faulty design caused a bridge to collapse. Modern lifestyles cause children and adults to spend most of their time indoors. Rain caused water to collect on the road. She caused the needle to run. Causative verbs – Have, Get, Make, Let, Help -- Comparison Causative ‘Have’ has less force and authority than Causative ‘Get’. Causative ‘Get’ has less force and authority than Causative ‘Make’ Causative Verb ‘Have’ -- used to express “arrangement/duty/responsibility” [Less Forceful] Causative Verb ‘Get’ -- used to express “encouragement/persuasion". [Forceful] Causative Verb ‘Make’ -- used to express "compulsion/insistence/requirement” [Most Forceful] Causative Verb ‘Let’ -- used to express “permission". [No Force] Causative Verb ‘Help’ -- used to express “assistance". [No Force] Causative ‘Have’ is more formal than causative ‘Get’. In the imperative form, causative ‘Get’ is more frequent than causative ‘Have’. Types of Causative Verbs Causative structures are of two types – (1). ‘Active’ in Nature – (Done By Somebody/Something) (2). ‘Passive’ in Nature – (Done To Somebody/Something) Passive causatives are used to take attention away from the doer of the action and give more attention to the action being done. ALSO NOTE: “Have somebody do something” is more common in American English. “Get somebody to do something” is more common in British English. All causative verbs are transitive. CAUSATIVE VERB – HAVE Structure 1(A) ---- Active Causative Structure Subject + Have (Causative Verb) + Agent (Someone/Something) + Base Form of Verb + Object (Someone/Something) Example: I have him take my photograph. (Present) Explanation: I arrange for my photograph to be taken by him. [I cause him to take my photograph.] Therefore, this is like an active causative structure. Example: I had him take my photograph. (Past) Explanation: I arranged for my photograph to be taken by him. [I caused him to take my photograph.] Therefore, this is like an active causative structure. Example: I will have him take my photograph. (Future) Explanation: I will arrange for my photograph to be taken by him. [I will cause him to take my photograph.] Therefore, this is like an active causative structure. OTHER EXAMPLES: CAUSATIVE - HAVE -- Have/Has + Someone/Something + Base Form of Verb Note: This pattern may denote past, present, or future tense based on another verb in the sentence. Her desire to have me write a memoir only raised my stress level. We are so blessed to have her sing one of our songs. It is one thing to have somebody else ask him about what he has done and it is quite another to have me ask him. He refused to have investigation officers search his home.