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Clinical supervision (CS) is emerging as the crucible in which counselors acquire knowledge and skills for the substance abuse (SA) treatment profession, providing a bridge between the classroom and the clinic. Supervision is necessary in the SA treatment field to improve client care, develop the professionalism of clinical personnel, and maintain ethical standards. Contents of this report: (1) CS and Prof¿l. Develop. of the SA Counselor: Basic info. about CS in the SA treatment field; Presents the ¿how to¿ of CS.; (2) An Implementation Guide for Admin.; Will help admin. understand the benefits and rationale behind providing CS for their program¿s SA counselors. Provides tools for making the tasks assoc. with implementing a CS system easier. Illustrations.

Motivation is key to substance use behavior change. Counselors can support clients' movement toward positive changes in their substance use by identifying and enhancing motivation that already exists. Motivational approaches are based on the principles of person-centered counseling. Counselors' use of empathy, not authority and power, is key to enhancing clients' motivation to change. Clients are experts in their own recovery from SUDs. Counselors should engage them in collaborative partnerships. Ambivalence about change is normal. Resistance to change is an expression of ambivalence about change, not a client trait or characteristic. Confrontational approaches increase client resistance and discord in the counseling relationship. Motivational approaches explore ambivalence in a nonjudgmental and compassionate way.

American Indians and Alaska Natives have consistently experienced disparities in access to healthcare services, funding, and resources; quality and quantity of services; treatment outcomes; and health education and prevention services. Availability, accessibility, and acceptability of behavioral health services are major barriers to recovery for American Indians and Alaska Natives. Common factors that infuence engagement and participation in services include availability of transportation and child care, treatment infrastructure, level of social support, perceived provider effectiveness, cultural responsiveness of services, treatment settings, geographic locations, and tribal affliations.