The newest cellular communication standard, 4G-LTE (Long Term Evolution) provides an all internet protocol (IP)-based solutions to the high data rate required of mobile communication applications. It offers 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility and high mobility applications, respectively. These high data rates are possible mainly due to the use of multiple antennas at both ends of the communication system. Therefore, antenna design for this new cellular standard is of high interest. Due to the size limitations of a hand-held device (typically, 120 mm x 65 mm x 5 mm (L x W x H)) designing antennas has become more challenging. Minimal antenna size, mutual coupling between different antennas, and compliance with radiation restrictions are some of the challenges that influence the design of antennas for this new standard. This work focuses on designing compact antennas to be used in mobile handsets as well as wireless routers such as in the IEEE 802.11n standard. The first attempt was to design a two-port co-located circular patch antenna (CPA) and an annular ring antenna (ARA) that utilizes pattern diversity. The idea behind pattern diversity is to generate two orthogonal radiation patterns associated with each port. To reduce the size of the antenna, ferrite material is used as the substrate material. Even though the use of ferrite material leads to a significant size reduction, the dimensions of those antennas are too large to fit in a cellular mobile handset. Therefore, a spatially separated half-cycle meander structure was investigated. This antenna was designed to fit into a mobile handset using FEKO simulations, and then fabricated and tested. By using the simulated S-parameters and radiation patterns, all of these antennas were investigated for communication theoretic performance parameters such as bit error rate (BER) and capacity.

This book discusses the development of promising technologies for compact antennas for high data-rate communications. It discusses and analyzes the design of compact ultra-wideband (UWB) and multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) antennas, providing essential know-how for designers, practicing engineers and scientists. These wireless communication technologies enable consumers to have convenient access to a wide range of services – anytime, anywhere. And the introduction of wireless mobile access points eliminates the limitations to communication imposed by geographical location. The Internet has allowed people to access and share information much more rapidly, but in order to achieve higher data rates with the limited available resources and imposed constraints, wireless communication technology needs to be pushed beyond the physical limits of the propagation channel. This book contributes to achieving this goal.

The desired objective of this book is to investigate diversity and mutual coupling effects on MIMO antenna designs for WLAN/WiMAX/LTE applications, controlled with diversity and ground modification techniques including equivalent circuit diagrams. Diversity techniques in MIMO antennas leading to the performance improvement ratings are demonstrated and deliberated. The book contributes towards the development of 2:1 VSWR MIMO antennas with diversity techniques for indoor/outdoor applications for high data rate, QOS, and SNR. The improved MIMO antenna structures are investigated and presented in this book including part of massive MIMO to provide the important aspects of emerging technology. Aimed at researchers, professionals and graduate students in electrical engineering, electromagnetics, communications and signal processing including antenna theory and design, smart antennas, communication systems, this book: Investigates real time MIMO antenna designs for WLAN/WiMAX/LTE applications. Covers effects of ECC, MEG, TARC, and equivalent circuit. Addresses the coupling and diversity aspects of antenna design problem for MIMO systems. Focus on the MIMO antenna designs for the real time applications. Exclusive chapter on 5G Massive MIMO along with case studies throughout the book.

Compact Antennas for Wireless Communications and Terminals deals with compact microwave antennas and, more specifically, with the planar version of these antennas. Planar antennas are the most appropriate type of antenna in modern communication systems and more generally in all applications requiring miniaturization, integration and conformation such as in mobile phone handsets. The book is suitable for students, engineers and scientists eager to understand the principles of planar and small antennas, their design and fabrication issues, and modern aspects such as UWB antennas, reconfigurable antennas and diversity issues.

This book describes and provides design guidelines for antennas that achieve compactness by using the slot radiator as the fundamental building block within a periodic array, rather than a phased array. It provides the basic electromagnetic tools required to design and analyse these novel antennas, with sample calculations where relevant. The book presents a focused introduction and valuable insights into the relevant antenna technology, together with an overview of the main directions in the evolving technology of compact planar arrays. While the book discusses the historical evolution of compact array antennas, its main focus is on summarising the extensive body of literature on compact antennas. With regard to the now ubiquitous slot radiator, it seeks to demonstrate how, despite significant antenna size reductions that at times even seem to defy the laws of physics, desirable radiation pattern properties can be preserved. This is supported by an examination of recent advances in frequency selective surfaces and in metamaterials, which can, if handled correctly, be used to facilitate physics-defying designs. The book offers a valuable source of information for communication systems and antenna design engineers, especially thanks to its overview of trends in compact planar arrays, yet will also be of interest to students and researchers, as it provides a focused introduction and insights into this highly relevant antenna technology.