This book discusses the development of promising technologies for compact antennas for high data-rate communications. It discusses and analyzes the design of compact ultra-wideband (UWB) and multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) antennas, providing essential know-how for designers, practicing engineers and scientists. These wireless communication technologies enable consumers to have convenient access to a wide range of services – anytime, anywhere. And the introduction of wireless mobile access points eliminates the limitations to communication imposed by geographical location. The Internet has allowed people to access and share information much more rapidly, but in order to achieve higher data rates with the limited available resources and imposed constraints, wireless communication technology needs to be pushed beyond the physical limits of the propagation channel. This book contributes to achieving this goal.

The newest cellular communication standard, 4G-LTE (Long Term Evolution) provides an all internet protocol (IP)-based solutions to the high data rate required of mobile communication applications. It offers 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility and high mobility applications, respectively. These high data rates are possible mainly due to the use of multiple antennas at both ends of the communication system. Therefore, antenna design for this new cellular standard is of high interest. Due to the size limitations of a hand-held device (typically, 120 mm x 65 mm x 5 mm (L x W x H)) designing antennas has become more challenging. Minimal antenna size, mutual coupling between different antennas, and compliance with radiation restrictions are some of the challenges that influence the design of antennas for this new standard. This work focuses on designing compact antennas to be used in mobile handsets as well as wireless routers such as in the IEEE 802.11n standard. The first attempt was to design a two-port co-located circular patch antenna (CPA) and an annular ring antenna (ARA) that utilizes pattern diversity. The idea behind pattern diversity is to generate two orthogonal radiation patterns associated with each port. To reduce the size of the antenna, ferrite material is used as the substrate material. Even though the use of ferrite material leads to a significant size reduction, the dimensions of those antennas are too large to fit in a cellular mobile handset. Therefore, a spatially separated half-cycle meander structure was investigated. This antenna was designed to fit into a mobile handset using FEKO simulations, and then fabricated and tested. By using the simulated S-parameters and radiation patterns, all of these antennas were investigated for communication theoretic performance parameters such as bit error rate (BER) and capacity.

Compact Antennas for Wireless Communications and Terminals deals with compact microwave antennas and, more specifically, with the planar version of these antennas. Planar antennas are the most appropriate type of antenna in modern communication systems and more generally in all applications requiring miniaturization, integration and conformation such as in mobile phone handsets. The book is suitable for students, engineers and scientists eager to understand the principles of planar and small antennas, their design and fabrication issues, and modern aspects such as UWB antennas, reconfigurable antennas and diversity issues.

The desired objective of this book is to investigate diversity and mutual coupling effects on MIMO antenna designs for WLAN/WiMAX/LTE applications, controlled with diversity and ground modification techniques including equivalent circuit diagrams. Diversity techniques in MIMO antennas leading to the performance improvement ratings are demonstrated and deliberated. The book contributes towards the development of 2:1 VSWR MIMO antennas with diversity techniques for indoor/outdoor applications for high data rate, QOS, and SNR. The improved MIMO antenna structures are investigated and presented in this book including part of massive MIMO to provide the important aspects of emerging technology. Aimed at researchers, professionals and graduate students in electrical engineering, electromagnetics, communications and signal processing including antenna theory and design, smart antennas, communication systems, this book: Investigates real time MIMO antenna designs for WLAN/WiMAX/LTE applications. Covers effects of ECC, MEG, TARC, and equivalent circuit. Addresses the coupling and diversity aspects of antenna design problem for MIMO systems. Focus on the MIMO antenna designs for the real time applications. Exclusive chapter on 5G Massive MIMO along with case studies throughout the book.

NEXT-GENERATION ANTENNAS: ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES The first book in this exciting new series, written and edited by a group of international experts in the field, this exciting new volume covers the latest advances and challenges in the next generation of antennas. Antenna design and wireless communication has recently witnessed their fastest growth period ever in history, and these trends are likely to continue for the foreseeable future. Due to recent advances in industrial applications as well as antenna, wireless communication, and 5G technology, we are witnessing a variety of developing and expanding new technologies. Compact and low-cost antennas are increasing the demand for ultra-wide bandwidth in next-generation (5G) wireless communication systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). Enabling the next generation of high-frequency communication, various methods have been introduced to achieve reliable high data rate communication links and enhance the directivity of planar antennas. 5G technology can be used in many applications, such as in smart city applications and in smartphones. This technology can satisfy the fast rise in user and traffic capacity in mobile broadband communications. Therefore, different planar antennas with intelligent beamforming capability play an important role in these areas. The purpose of this book is to present the advanced technology, developments, and challenges in antennas for next-generation antenna communication systems. This book covers advances in next-generation antenna design and application domain in all related areas. It is a detailed overview of cutting-edge developments and other emerging topics and their applications in all areas of engineering that have achieved great accuracy and performance with the help of the advancement and challenges in next-generation antennas. This outstanding new volume: Covers all the latest developments and future aspects of antenna communication Is concisely written, lucid, and comprehensive, practical application-based, with many informative graphics and schematics Will help students, researchers, as well as systems designers to understand fundamental antenna design and wireless communication Compares different approaches in antenna design

MULTIFUNCTIONAL ANTENNAS AND ARRAYS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Offers an up-to-date discussion of multifunctional antennas and arrays for wireless communication systems Multifunctional Antennas and Arrays for Wireless Communication Systems is a comprehensive reference on state-of-the-art reconfigurable antennas and 4G/5G communication antennas. The book gives a unique perspective while giving a comprehensive overview of the following topics: Frequency reconfigurable antennas Pattern reconfigurable antennas Polarization reconfigurable antennas Reconfigurable antennas using Liquid Metal, Piezoelectric, and RF MEMS MIMO and 4G/5G wireless communication antennas Metamaterials and metasurfaces in reconfigurable antennas Multifunctional antennas for user equipments (UEs) Defense related antennas and applications Flat panel phased array antennas The book is a valuable resource for the practicing engineer as well as for those within the research field. As wireless communications continuously evolves, more and more functionally will be required, and thus multifunctional antennas and RF systems will be necessary. These multifunctional antennas will require a degree of reconfigurability, and this book discusses various methods which enable this. The main topics of frequency, pattern, and polarization reconfigurability is first discussed. Methods utilizing unique materials and devices, both real and artificial are discussed. The book also delves into 4G/5G antennas as it relates to MIMO, and millimeter-wave phased arrays. Finally, there is a section on defense related multifunctional RF antenna systems.

This book focuses on high-gain antennas in the terahertz spectrum and their optimization. The terahertz spectrum is an unallocated EM spectrum, which is being explored for a number of applications, especially to meet increasing demands of high data rates for wireless space communications. Space communication systems using the terahertz spectrum can resolve the problems of limited bandwidth of present wireless communications without radio-frequency interference. This book describes design of such high-gain antennas and their performance enhancement using photonic band gap (PBG) substrates. Further, optimization of antenna models using evolutionary algorithm based computational engine has been included. The optimized high-performance compact antenna may be used for various wireless applications, such as inter-orbital communications and on-vehicle satellite communications.