Tanto nos cursos de graduação, quanto nos de pós-graduação, mestrado ou mesmo doutorado torna-se necessária a monografia como requisito parcial para obtenção do diploma ou da certificação. Com a intenção de oferecer ao público universitário um livro que atenda às dificuldades com as quais o estudante se defronta quando é solicitado a construir idéias acerca de temas relevantes, elaborou-se, em detalhes, este livro, para que sirva como fonte de estudo sobre os diferentes tipos de produção científica, delimitando suas características. Este livro está dividido em tópicos. No primeiro, trabalha-se a o que é ciência e o sentido de neutralidade. No segundo, são detalhados os diferentes tipos de conhecimento. No terceiro, os requisitos necessários para elaborar diversos tipos de trabalhos científicos são detalhados a saber: o relatório, o resumo, o informe científico, o artigo científico, a resenha e a monografia. No quarto, aborda-se a pesquisa, apontando a natureza do trabalho científico e a ética. Apresenta-se ainda neste tópico, os diferentes tipos de pesquisa e a forma de elaboração de um projeto de pesquisa. No quinto tópico são apresentadas diferentes maneiras de manusear a bibliografia consultada, orientando na elaboração de fichamento. Os dois últimos tópicos, que encerram o livro, especificam as questões relacionadas aos aspectos gráficos e materiais do trabalho científico (organização dos originais, paginação etc.) e as referências, apresentando em detalhes como são registradas as fontes, segundo as normas da ABNT vigentes.

In the increasingly globalised world of academic production, Portuguese researchers are under intense pressure to publish in English, generating a huge demand for translation, revision and specialised language services. However, there are considerable rhetorical and epistemological differences between the hegemonic discourse of Anglophone academia and the traditional Portuguese writing style of the humanities, which can cause serious problems not only for translators but also for Portuguese academics that wish to write their papers directly in English. This work explores those differences across a range of academic disciplines and genres by means of three complementary studies: a Corpus Analysis of over 400 Portuguese academic texts; a survey of Portuguese researchers in the humanities and social sciences; and a review of Portuguese academic style manuals. The results are of great practical interest to all those attempting to teach, write or translate English academic discourse in the Portuguese context, as well as to anyone concerned with the controversial issue of linguistic imperialism.

The systems of innovation approach is considered by many to be a useful analytical approach for better understanding innovation processes as well as the production and distribution of knowledge in the economy. It is an appropriate framework for the empirical study of innovations in their contexts and is relevant for policy makers. This text is the result of the work within an international inter-disciplinary network or "working seminar" with the task of building a more solid and sophisticated conceptual and theoretical foundation for the continued study of innovations in a systemic context. The book has three parts. The first presents an overview and tries to work out some conceptual problems. In the second, the systems of innovation approach is related to innovation theory. Part three is devoted to increasing understanding of the functioning and dynamics of systems of innovation. There is also an introduction where the genesis and anatomy of different systems of innovation approaches are discussed and where the systems of innovation approach is characterized in nine dimensions.

Accompanying The Routledge Doctoral Student’s Companion this book examines what it means to be a doctoral student in education and the social sciences, providing a guide for those supervising students. Exploring the key role and pedagogical challenges that face supervisors in students’ personal development, the contributors outline the research capabilities which are essential for confidence, quality and success in doctorate level research. Providing guidance about helpful resources and methodological support, the chapters: frame important questions within the history of debates act as a road map through international literatures make suggestions for good practice raise important questions and provide answers to key pedagogical issues provide advice on enabling students’ scholarly careers and identities. While there is no one solution to ideal supervision, this wide-ranging text offers resources that will help supervisors develop their own personal approach to supervision. Ideal for all supervisors whether assisting part-time of full-time students, it is also highly suitable for helping academics to support international students who confront Western doctoral traditions and academic cultures, helping both supervisor and student to understand why things are as they are.