Iron deficiency anemia is a very common occurrence in premenopausal women and is usually attributed to blood loss from menses, and not further evaluated. However, in the postmenopausal female, gastrointestinal lesions that account for the iron deficiency are found in approximately 7O% of patients. In the premenopausal group of women, no study has been performed to look at the incidence of gastrointestinal lesions and their potential relation to the iron deficiency. We propose to evaluate premenopausal women with iron deficiency anemia, with upper and lower endoscopy to document the incidence of gastrointestinal lesions in this population.

The world's most comprehensive, well documented, and well illustrated book on this subject. With extensive subject and geographical index. 30 photographs and illustrations - mostly color. Free of charge in digital PDF format.

A novel attempt to make sense of our preoccupation with copies of all kinds—from counterfeits to instant replay, from parrots to photocopies. The Culture of the Copy is a novel attempt to make sense of the Western fascination with replicas, duplicates, and twins. In a work that is breathtaking in its synthetic and critical achievements, Hillel Schwartz charts the repercussions of our entanglement with copies of all kinds, whose presence alternately sustains and overwhelms us. This updated edition takes notice of recent shifts in thought with regard to such issues as biological cloning, conjoined twins, copyright, digital reproduction, and multiple personality disorder. At once abbreviated and refined, it will be of interest to anyone concerned with problems of authenticity, identity, and originality. Through intriguing, and at times humorous, historical analysis and case studies in contemporary culture, Schwartz investigates a stunning array of simulacra: counterfeits, decoys, mannequins, and portraits; ditto marks, genetic cloning, war games, and camouflage; instant replays, digital imaging, parrots, and photocopies; wax museums, apes, and art forgeries—not to mention the very notion of the Real McCoy. Working through a range of theories on biological, mechanical, and electronic reproduction, Schwartz questions the modern esteem for authenticity and uniqueness. The Culture of the Copy shows how the ethical dilemmas central to so many fields of endeavor have become inseparable from our pursuit of copies—of the natural world, of our own creations, indeed of our very selves. The book is an innovative blend of microsociology, cultural history, and philosophical reflection, of interest to anyone concerned with problems of authenticity, identity, and originality. Praise for the first edition “[T]he author... brings his considerable synthetic powers to bear on our uneasy preoccupation with doubles, likenesses, facsimiles, replicas and re-enactments. I doubt that these cultural phenomena have ever been more comprehensively or more creatively chronicled.... [A] book that gets you to see the world anew, again.” —The New York Times “A sprightly and disconcerting piece of cultural history” —Terence Hawkes, London Review of Books “In The Culture of the Copy, [Schwartz] has written the perfect book: original and repetitive at once.” —Todd Gitlin, Los Angeles Times Book Review

The obesity epidemic has spawned an unlimited array of quick-fix, rapid weight loss plans and unproven pharmaceuticals. Dangerous side effects and rebound weight gain has made the cure seem worse than the syndrome itself and left people uncertain where to turn. The only way to safely deal with the global obesity problem is to develop strategic therapeutic interventions using safe, natural supplements supported by credible research. With contributions from pioneers and esteemed leaders in their respective fields Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Prevention is a comprehensive resource covering a broad range of topics associated with obesity. Divided into eight sections, the text covers epidemiology and pathophysiology, correlating obesity with environmental estrogens, disordered eating, inflammatory responses, and endocrine disruption. Contributions also address neurobiology and neurotransmitters, leptin, ghrelin (the hunger hormone) and molecular genetics. The book devotes several chapters to obesity and its related degenerative diseases, drug development and adipose-targeted drugs, and the safety of obesity drugs. An expansive portion of the book considers natural, nutritional, and physical approaches to weight management. Taking an evidence based approach, it explores exercise, diet (including vegetarian and Atkin’s diets), gender differences, and caloric restriction, along with research on a wide range of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and natural supplements such as hydroxycitric acid, marine lipids, tea, chitosan, calcium, polyphenolic compounds, trivalent chromium, ephedra, and glucomannan. Special sections on the intricacies of childhood obesity and the benefits of bariatric surgery round out the array of information. With unparalleled depth of coverage, Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Prevention provides medical professionals, nutritionists, and researchers with an unprecedented reference for managing obesity.

George R.R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series is a worldwide phenomenon, and the world of Westeros has seen multiple adaptations, from HBO's acclaimed television series to graphic novels, console games and orchestral soundtracks. This collection of new essays investigates what makes this world so popular, and why the novels and television series are being taught in university classrooms as genre-defining works within the American fantasy tradition. This volume represents the first sustained scholarly treatment of George R.R. Martin's groundbreaking work, and includes writing by experts involved in the production of the HBO show. The contributors investigate a number of compelling areas, including the mystery of the shape-shifting wargs, the conflict between religions, the origins of the Dothraki language and the sex lives of knights. The significance of fan cultures and their adaptations is also discussed.

Death is a topic people are reluctant to ponder. Neither is dying a process that is usually being openly discussed. However, on a variety of occasions, dying and death are on a person's minds, under some sensitive circumstances, he or she are eager to discuss with a close person, a friend, a professional. The present volume, the second in the Series on Dying and Death, is meant to enrich personal experience of dying or death by providing its reader with knowledge and understanding of some aspects of dying or death. Section 1 describes practices of mourning, in different times and places: USA during the Civil War (Ashley Byock), the Island of Viz, between Croatia and Italy (Kathleen Young), present day Israel (Asa Kasher), medieval Serbia (Mira Crouch) and post-Holocaust USA (Paula David). Section 2 consists of reflections on mourning. It includes philosophical discussions of Friendship (Gary Peters), Grace (Dana Freibach-Heifetz), and the Other (Havi Carel), all in the context of mourning, as well as Mourning itself as a skill (Marguerite Peggy Flynn). Section 3 brings papers on culture and suicide, in early modern Holland (Laura Cruz), in historical Japan (Lawrence Fouraker), as well as in the Jazz age (Kathleen Jones). Section 4 discusses different predicaments of medics facing death and dying: terminal diagnosis (Angela Armstrong-Coster), palliative patients (Anna Taube), and the hospice setting (Elizabeth Gill).