The warmer air temperatures will result in warmer water temperatures, particularly in shallow coastal waters and this will affect the timing of the seasonal mixing of water that occurs in the spring and fall and keeps the deeper waters oxygenated. [...] The human induced contribution to climate change and warming of the atmosphere is of particular concern, as the scientific consensus in the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Houghton et al., 2001) is that most of the warming observed over the past 50 years is attributable to human activities. [...] A number of direct climatic factors are likely to drive changes in the coastal zone such as: (a) air temperature, precipitation and wind, and (b) indirect factors such as (c) water height, range, seiche effects, currents, water temperature, range, seasonality, thermoclines and wave height and the frequency of extreme events There are changes in the timing of freeze up and the length of time there [...] The project involves: • Development of site-specific case studies describing recent historical climate variability, trends and climate change in the 21st century; • Identification and description of potential and known impacts based on the conditions described in each of the case studies;. [...] The site has been visited by an average of 15 visitors per month since it was started and the number of pages viewed and the country of origin of visitors is provided in Appendix B. Page 4 Coastal Zone and Climate Change on the Great Lakes Natural Resources Canada July 2006 2.0 CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE COASTAL ZONE 2.1 Recent Changes in Climate within the Great Lakes Basin The Great Lakes climate is.

People living in the Great Lakes region are already feeling the effects of a changing climate. Shifts in seasonal temperatures and precipitation patterns could have dramatic impacts on the economy, ecology, and quality of life. In this illuminating and thorough volume, leading scholars address the challenge of preparing for climate change in the region, where decision makers from various sectors—government, agriculture, recreation, and tourism—must increasingly be aware of the need to incorporate climate change into their short- and long-term planning. The chapters in this revealing book, written by some of the foremost climate change scholars in North America, outline the major trends in the climate of the Great Lakes region, how humans might cope with the uncertainty of climate change impacts, and examples of on-the-ground projects that have addressed these issues.

Lakes Superior and Michigan have long played a vital role in shaping our state’s history, culture and economy. For forty years, the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program has collaborated with governments and nonprofit organizations to preserve and protect this crucial resource, and, since 2002, has promoted public awareness of issues affecting the lakes in its annual Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle. Great Lakes Chronicle: Essays on Coastal Wisconsin brings together more than one hundred articles by coastal management practitioners, providing a broad perspective on issues affecting Wisconsin’s Great Lakes shorelines, and advocating for the wise and balanced use of our coastal environment for the benefit of people now and in the future.

The Great Lakes are the largest collection of fresh surface water on earth, and more than 40 million Americans and Canadians live in their basin. Will we divert water from the Great Lakes, causing them to end up like Central Asia's Aral Sea, which has lost 90 percent of its surface area and 75 percent of its volume since 1960? Or will we come to see that unregulated water withdrawals are ultimately catastrophic? Peter Annin writes a fast-paced account of the people and stories behind these upcoming battles. Destined to be the definitive story for the general public as well as policymakers, The Great Lakes Water Wars is a balanced, comprehensive look behind the scenes at the conflicts and compromises that are the past-and future-of this unique resource.