Climate Observations: Data Quality Control and Time Series Homogenization pulls together the different phases of the production of high-quality climatic datasets, allowing interested readers to obtain a coherent picture on the complexity and importance of this task. There are several new methods of time series homogenization, each very complex and fast developing. The thematic discussion of the production of high quality climatic datasets provides the opportunity to reduce errors, including the careful installation of meteorological instruments, the application of strict observing rules and inspections, and the use of sophistically developed statistical software to detect and remove errors or biases. This book is intended for professionals working on climate data management at the national meteorological services, for the users of observed climatic data, and for students and researchers studying atmospheric and climate science. Members of the Royal Meteorological Society are eligible for a 35% discount on all Developments in Weather and Climate Science series titles. See the RMetS member dashboard for the discount code. - Describes the research tasks and tools for which the reliability and accuracy of climatic data is particularly important - Includes case studies to provide real-world context to the research presented in the book - Features benchmark datasets that have been used for testing the stable operation and efficiency of homogenization methods - Explains the use of semiautomatic quality control software, recently developed effective homogenization methods, their testing, and related new concepts and statistical tools

The ocean is an integral component of the Earth's climate system. It covers about 70% of the Earth's surface and acts as its primary reservoir of heat and carbon, absorbing over 90% of the surplus heat and about 30% of the carbon dioxide associated with human activities, and receiving close to 100% of fresh water lost from land ice. With the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, notably carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion, the Earth's climate is now changing more rapidly than at any time since the advent of human societies. Society will increasingly face complex decisions about how to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change such as droughts, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, species loss, changes to growing seasons, and stronger and possibly more frequent storms. Observations play a foundational role in documenting the state and variability of components of the climate system and facilitating climate prediction and scenario development. Regular and consistent collection of ocean observations over decades to centuries would monitor the Earth's main reservoirs of heat, carbon dioxide, and water and provides a critical record of long-term change and variability over multiple time scales. Sustained high-quality observations are also needed to test and improve climate models, which provide insights into the future climate system. Sustaining Ocean Observations to Understand Future Changes in Earth's Climate considers processes for identifying priority ocean observations that will improve understanding of the Earth's climate processes, and the challenges associated with sustaining these observations over long timeframes.

Detailed weather observations on local and regional levels are essential to a range of needs from forecasting tornadoes to making decisions that affect energy security, public health and safety, transportation, agriculture and all of our economic interests. As technological capabilities have become increasingly affordable, businesses, state and local governments, and individual weather enthusiasts have set up observing systems throughout the United States. However, because there is no national network tying many of these systems together, data collection methods are inconsistent and public accessibility is limited. This book identifies short-term and long-term goals for federal government sponsors and other public and private partners in establishing a coordinated nationwide "network of networks" of weather and climate observations.

Climate Change: Evidence and Causes is a jointly produced publication of The US National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. Written by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists and reviewed by climate scientists and others, the publication is intended as a brief, readable reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and other individuals seeking authoritative information on the some of the questions that continue to be asked. Climate Change makes clear what is well-established and where understanding is still developing. It echoes and builds upon the long history of climate-related work from both national academies, as well as on the newest climate-change assessment from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It touches on current areas of active debate and ongoing research, such as the link between ocean heat content and the rate of warming.

This book examines the effects of climate and environmental change in the Eastern James Bay, Canada. This socio-environmentally oriented volume integrates scientific literature with the established ecological knowledge to explore current issues. This multidisciplinary approach allows for a broader understanding of the forces at play on the environment and the societies that inhabit it. It is suited to a wide range of readers from researchers and professionals working in the field to graduate students in climate change, geography, environmental science and ecology.