Annotation This title examines both internal and international migration, at the city level and cities of the Global South. The report highlights the growing evidence of potential benefits of all forms of migration and mobility for city growth and development. It showcases innovative ways in which migration and urbanization policies can be better designed for the benefit of migrants and cities.

The community land trust (CLT) movement is young but expanding rapidly. Nearly 20 community land trusts are started every year as either new nonprofits or as programs or subsidiaries of existing organizations. Fueling this proliferation is a dramatic increase in local government investment and involvement. Over the past decade, a growing number of cities and counties have chosen not only to support existing CLTs, but also to start new ones, actively guiding urban development and sponsoring affordable housing initiatives. Two key policy needs are driving increased city and county interest in CLTs, particularly in jurisdictions that put a social priority on promoting homeownership for lower-income families and a fiscal priority on protecting the public's investment in affordable housing. Long-term preservation of housing subsidies. With local governments now assuming greater responsibility for creating affordable housing, policy makers must find ways to ensure that their investments have a sustained impact. CLT ownership of the land, along with durable affordability controls over the resale of any housing built on that land, ensures that municipally subsidized homes remain available for lower-income homebuyers for generations to come. Long-term stewardship of housing. Preserving housing affordability requires long-term monitoring and enforcement, an administrative burden that local governments are neither equipped for nor generally interested in taking on. CLTs are well positioned to play this stewardship role by administering the municipality's eligibility, affordability, and occupancy controls, while also "backstopping" lower-income owners to protect subsidized homes against loss through deferred maintenance or mortgage foreclosure. Municipal support comes in a variety of forms, depending on how well established the CLT is. For example, local governments may offer administrative or financial support during the planning and startup phase, followed by donations of city-owned land and grants or low-interest loans for developing and financing projects. They may help a CLT acquire and preserve housing provided by private developers to comply with inclusionary zoning, density bonuses, and other mandates or concessions. As the CLT builds its portfolio, municipalities may provide capacity grants to help support its operations. Finally, local jurisdictions may assist CLTs by revising their tax assessment practices to ensure fair treatment of resale-restricted homes built on their lands. As welcome as their support has been, local governments may inadvertently structure CLT funding and oversight in ways that undermine the effectiveness of the very model they are attempting to support. The challenge lies in finding the most constructive ways of putting municipal resources to work in pursuit of common objectives. Based on a review of three dozen municipal programs and in-depth interviews with local officials and CLT practitioners, this report describes the mechanisms and methods that cities across the country are using to structure their investment in CLT startups, projects, and operations. In addition to describing the full range of options for providing municipal support, the report highlights specific model practices for rendering that assistance. These practices have the most potential to balance the interests of all parties by: protecting the public's investment in affordable housing; expanding and preserving access to homeownership for households excluded from the market; stabilizing neighborhoods buffeted by cycles of disinvestment or reinvestment; and ensuring accountability to funders, taxpayers, and the communities served by the CLT. The city-CLT relationship continues to evolve. This report ends with a discussion of three emerging trends: shifts in the city's role from supporter to instigator, and from participant to g

Policy-makers in Pittsburgh, Birmingham and Rotterdam are confronted with rapidly changing social and economic environments. Public- and private-sector organizations in the three cities are increasingly addressing regional issues strategically, and are joining together in partnerships to promote competitiveness and economic growth. This book covers the complexities of modern governance under such circumstances, the diversity and patterning of public-private partnerships and networks, and the changing economic development strategies of city governments and organizations.

Policy makers in Pittsburgh, Birmingham and Rotterdam are confronted with rapidly changing social and economic environments. Public and private sector organizations in the three cities are increasingly addressing regional issues strategically and joining together in partnerships to promote competitiveness and economic growth. Local communities are linking to regional economies as companies restructure and strategy-makers recognise the benefits of urban regeneration as an important condition for economic prosperity. The book covers the complexities of modern governance under such circumstances, the diversity and patterning of public-private partnerships and networks and the changing economic development strategies of city governments and regional and local organizations.

Drawing upon the smart experiences of "world class" cities in North America, Canada and Europe, this book provides the evidence to show how entrepreneurship-based and market-dependent representations of knowledge production are now being replaced with a community of policy makers, academic leaders, corporate strategists and growth management alliances, with the potential to liberate cities from the stagnation which they have previously been locked into by offering communities: the freedom to develop polices, with the leadership and strategies capable of reaching beyond the idea of "creative slack"; a process of reinvention, whereby cities become "smarter," in using intellectual capital to not only meet the efficiency requirements of wealth creation, but to become centres of creative slack; the political leadership capable of not only being economically innovative, or culturally creative, but enterprising in opening-up, reflexively absorbing and discursively shaping the democratic governance of such developments; the democratic governance to sustain such developments. Drawing together the critical insights from papers from a collection of leading international experts on the transition to smart cities, this book proposes to do what has recently been asked of those responsible for creating Smarter Cities. That is: provide the definitional components, critical insights and institutional means by which to get beyond the all too often self-congratulatory tone cities across the world strike when claiming to be smart and by focussing on the critical role master-plans and design codes play in supporting the sustainable development of communities. This book was published as a special issue of Urban Technology.