Physiatrists design plans that not only treat chronic pain, but also the whole patient who lives with the pain. Causes of chronic pain can include arthritis, work injuries, failed back surgery, foot and ankle injuries, knee and hip injuries, neck, shoulder, and back injuries, nerve (neuropathic) pain, etc. This issue will focus on everything from assessment, to various treatment options (medications and injections), as well as rehab.

Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

Painâ€"it is the most common complaint presented to physicians. Yet pain is subjectiveâ€"it cannot be measured directly and is difficult to validate. Evaluating claims based on pain poses major problems for the Social Security Administration (SSA) and other disability insurers. This volume covers the epidemiology and physiology of pain; psychosocial contributions to pain and illness behavior; promising ways of assessing and measuring chronic pain and dysfunction; clinical aspects of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation; and how the SSA's benefit structure and administrative procedures may affect pain complaints.

In this issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics, guest editors Drs. Michael Khadavi and Luga Podesta bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Orthobiologics. Use and research surrounding naturally derived substances that are used to help heal and repair orthopedic injuries are expanding rapidly. In this issue, top experts discuss the most up-to-date uses of orthobiologics in the rehabilitation setting. - Contains 16 practice-oriented topics including orthobiologics for spine disorders; evidence and techniques in prolotherapy; orthobiologic interventions for muscle injuries; special populations in orthobiologics: athletic, elderly, and pediatrics populations; rehabilitation protocols for orthobiologic procedures; orthobiologic techniques for surgical augmentation; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on orthobiologics, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Articles in this issue include: "Low Back Pain: Health Care Dilemma”, “Anatomic and Biomechanical Principles of the Lumbar Spine”, “Diagnosis of Low Back Pain: Imaging and Electrodiagnostics”, “Axial Low Back Pain: Disc, Posterior Element, Sacroiliac Joint as Pain Generators”, “Radicular Pain”, “Myofascial Pain and Referral Patterns”, “Osteoporosis and Compression Fracture”, “Exercise for Low Back Pain”, “Pharmacologic Treatment for Low Back Pain”, “Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments for Low Back Pain”, “Interventional Treatments for Low Back Pain – General Risks”, “Epidural Steroid Injections”, “Z-joint and SIJ Intra-Articular Injection and Diagnostic Blocks”, “Radiofrequency Neurotomy”, “Discography/IDET/Biaculoplasty”, “Vertebroplasty/Kyphoplasty”, “Pumps/Stims”, “Chronic Low Back Pain and Psychosocial Issues."

This issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America is devoted to "Difficult to Treat Pain Syndromes," and is edited by Adam L. Schreiber, DO of the Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University. Articles in this issue will include: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosis; Non-surgical Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Parsonage Turner Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment; Trochanteric Pain Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment; Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment; Discogenic Spine Pain Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment; Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment; Myofascial Pain Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatments; Opioid Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment; Spinal Cord Pain Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment; Cerebral Vascular Accident Hemishoulder Pain Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment; and Cancer Pain Syndromes.

In this issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics, guest editors Angela Cortez and Dana Kolter bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Cycling. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as adaptive cycling, triathlon considerations, fear and anxiety in cycling, nutrition in cycling, and more. - Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including Clinic Evaluation of the Cyclist with Overuse Injury; Unique Concerns of the Female Cyclist; Return to Cycling after Brain Injury - Safety Considerations; Infrastructure and Traumatic Bike Injury Prevention; and more. - Provides in-depth clinical reviews on Cycling and PM&R, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.