Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Transcriptional Coregulators, Volume 53, the latest release in The Enzymes series highlights new advances in the field, with interesting new chapters that cover Perspectives on Chromatin Remodeling, The functions of ISWI-type remodelers in yeast, Conserved mechanisms of NuRD function in hematopoietic gene expression, The SIN3 complex as a metabolic epigenetic regulator, Soft repression and chromatin modification by conserved transcriptional corepressors, The NPAC-LSD2 complex in nucleosome demethylation, Role of intrinsically disordered domains in transcriptional regulation, and Regulation of the Recovery of Cancer from Therapy Exposure by Noncoding RNAs. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Updated release includes the latest information on Chromatin remodeling complexes and transcriptional coregulators Presents the latest release in The Enzymes series

Abstract: The process of gastrulation results in the three-layered embryo and is characterized by a precise context- and time-specific regulation of transcriptional activity. The early expressed T-box transcription factor EOMES plays a crucial role by conducting the specification of mesoderm and endoderm and preventing the specification of neuroectodermal derivates. The exact molecular mechanisms of this first cell-lineage specification are still unknown. Latest findings indicate that the presence of EOMES at ME genes results in an open chromatin state while binding to already accessible NE enhancers has repressive effects. These changes in chromatin are in accordance to an association of EOMES with chromatin remodeling complexes found in mass spectrometry analysis. Particularly several components of the multi-subunit complexes BAF and NuRD emerged from a large spectrum of potential interaction partners. Mammalian BAF complex, member of the SWI/SNF family, is mainly considered to create an accessible chromatin state and allows active gene expression. In contrast, activity of the NuRD complex mostly results in a closed chromatin formation and transcriptional repression. Both ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes have a wide cellular distribution and were shown to have indispensable roles in development by cooperating with tissue-specific co-regulators. This project aimed to better characterize the T-box factor induced chromatin remodeling by identifying the interacting subunit(s) of BAF and NuRD complex. The experimental setting included transfection of HEK293T cells and P19CL6 cells, co-immunoprecipitation and analysis on Western Blot. As specific interactors of EOMES, BAF60B of the BAF complex and MBD3 of the NuRD complex were identified. The recruitment of chromatin remodeling complexes via unique subcomponents is a possible mechanism to specifically influence transcriptional activity on target genes. Hereby, the cooperation of EOMES and BAF complex would result in accessible chromatin at ME genes, while interaction with NuRD complex would prevent expression of NE and pluripotency genes. Furthermore, the characteristic appearance of EOMES protein as three bands on Western blots was analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). Additional bands are larger than the expected molecular weight of EOMES, thus I focused on post-translational modifications. A preliminary MS analysis revealed ubiquitination as possible modification. If ubiquitination has a functional impact on EOMES requires further studies. In summary, this project gives further proof of direct interaction of EOMES and chromatin remodeling complexes BAF and NuRD and serves a model where chromatin remodeling importantly contributes to the specific functions of T-box factors. The detailed effects of this cooperation on transcriptional chromatin-based and T-box dependent regulation during the first cell lineage decision needs further investigation

First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. In the early days of the Serial, the subjects of vitamins and hormones were quite distinct. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology, and enzyme mechanisms. Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines. *First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is AP's longest running serial *Each volume contains cutting edge reviews by leading contributors

Since publication of the first edition in 1995, there have been significant advances and understanding of chromatin structure and its relation to gene expression. These include a high-resolution structure of the nucleosome core, discovery of the enzymes and complexes that mediate histone acetylation and deacetylation, discovery of novel ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, new insights into nuclear organization and epigenetic silencing mechanisms. In light of these advances, Chromatin Structure and Gene Expression (2ed.) includes updated chapters and additional material that introduce new concepts in the process of gene regulation in chromatin.

Regulatory Mechanisms in Transcriptional Signaling, volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, includes in-depth discussion on roles of Chromatin remodeling proteins in nuclear receptor signaling, and the ANCCA regulator in cancer. This important resource, edited by Dr. Debabrata (Debu) Chakravarti, offers research on the progesterone receptor action in leiomyoma and endometrial cancer and emerging roles of the ubiquitin protein system in nuclear hormone receptor signaling to provide the reader with expert discussions of up-to-date research.

An early view of eukaryotic chromosomes was that of static structures, which stored DNA not in use within a given cell type. It was thought that packaging of DNA into higher levels of chromatin structure would suffice to repress gene expression and that the challenge to the cell would be to rescue specific sequences from these structures. The exten sive packaging of inactive DNA was considered the primary difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and except for that point both would be similarly regulated by cis-acting sequences and trans acting factors. Our view of eukaryotic chromosomes has evolved dra matically over the last decade. The picture of chromosomes that is emerging is that of dynamic breathing organelles actively regulating the flow of genetic information from the genome. Indeed chromatin is so fluid that even maintaining gene quiescence is an active process and is tightly regulated. Chromatin dynamics is a consequence of protein complexes that modify histones, remove histone modifications, mobi lize nucleosomes or stabilize nucleosomes. Awide variety of such com plexes have now been described. Some are abundant and may play glo bal roles in chromosome fluidity and function. Others are more rare and specialized for specific functions at discreet loci. Moreover, several complexes share biochemical activities and genetic studies suggest overlapping functions in vivo. Many components of these complexes were first revealed in genetic screens, while others were discovered by novel cell biological or biochemical approaches.

DNA in the nucleus of plant and animal cells is stored in the form of chromatin. Chromatin and the Chromatin remodelling enzymes play an important role in gene transcription.