This book provides up-to-date information on chlorinated organics in the environment that can be used in monitoring, impact assessment, and decision-making processes. The text assists readers in predicting the potential for organic contamination as well as the critical medium of exposure to the health of the ecosystem and humans. Toxicity profiles provided for each chemical allow for evaluation of the short- and long-term effects on the environment. Discussions of environmental residues and pertinent worldwide regulations help readers compare chloroorganic contamination in different areas and analyze the associated regulatory approaches. Chlorinated Organic Compounds in the Environment begins with an introduction to chlorinated organic compounds and discussions of fate processes and environmental migration, based on their physical properties and processes. Next, the text focuses on chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons; chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons-monocyclic and polycyclic compounds; and chlorinated biocides, phenols, dioxins, and furans in the environment. The North American and International regulations and advisories in the management of chlorinated organic compounds are reviewed in Chapters 3-8. The last two chapters of the book deal with prioritization for regulatory and monitoring assessment and regulatory decision-making processes. A glossary and comprehensive subject index makes terms easy to understand and find throughout the text. Environmental managers, regulatory personnel, scientists, and students will gain a broader understanding of environmental problems and how they can be applied to different disciplines such as chemistry, life sciences, and engineering with this important reference.

This is the first book to examine comprehensively the chlorine industry and its effects on the environment. It covers not only the history of chlorine production, but also looks at its products, their effects on the global environment, and the international legislation which controls their use, release, and disposal. Individual chapters are dedicated to subjects such as releases of organochlorines into the environment, and the environmental impact of ozone depletion, providing simple explanations of these complex issues. These are backed up with case studies of landmark events in the history of the chlorine industry - for example the Seveso explosion or the Yusho and Yu-Cheng mass poisonings. With a clear, concise text and numerous compilations of critical data, this book will prove an invaluable source reference for environmental scientists, students, and policy makers with an interest in this subject.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of innovative remediation techniques and strategies for soils contaminated by heavy metals or organic compounds (e.g. petroleum hydrocarbons, NAPLs and chlorinated organic compounds). It discusses various novel chemical remediation approaches (in-situ and ex-situ) used alone and in combination with physical and/or thermal treatment. Further, it addresses the recovery of NAPLs, reuse of leaching solutions, and in-situ chemical reduction and oxidation, and explores the chemical enhancement of physical NAPLs recovery from both practical and theoretical perspectives. Also presenting the state-of-the-art in waste-assisted bioremediation to improve soil quality and the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons, the book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and R&D professionals in industry engaged in the treatment of contaminated soils.

In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.

In recent years, there have been emerging concerns regarding the fate and effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on the environment. Countries throughout the world are focusing attention on the implementation of regulatory and monitoring programs. In response, industry has begun to implement a variety of process and treatment technologies designed to minimize or eliminate the potential impacts. Environmental Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents explores the most active and critical current research and experimentation from around the world. This comprehensive overview examines the identity and origin of chemicals in pulp mill effluents, environmental fate of chemicals from pulp and paper mills, bioaccumulation of substances from pulp mills to fish and wildlife, field and laboratory studies of biochemical and whole organism responses associated with pulp and paper effluents, integrated monitoring and future research, and policy directions of this rapidly evolving field. Written by prominent scientists from around the world with contributions from industry, government, and academia, this important new book provides a balanced global perspective of the recent scientific findings and the challenges being faced in the immediate future.

Environmental Organic Chemistry focuses on environmental factors that govern the processes that determine the fate of organic chemicals in natural and engineered systems. The information discovered is then applied to quantitatively assessing the environmental behaviour of organic chemicals. Now in its 2nd edition this book takes a more holistic view on physical-chemical properties of organic compounds. It includes new topics that address aspects of gas/solid partitioning, bioaccumulation, and transformations in the atmosphere. Structures chapters into basic and sophisticated sections Contains illustrative examples, problems and case studies Examines the fundamental aspects of organic, physical and inorganic chemistry - applied to environmentally relevant problems Addresses problems and case studies in one volume

Halogenated organic compounds constitute one of the largest groups of environmental chemicals. The industrial production of new halogenated organic compounds has increased throughout the last century peaking in the 1960s, and continuing in widespread use today. Organohalides are integral to a variety of industrial applications, including use as solvents, degreasing agents, biocides, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, hydraulic and heat transfer fluids, and intermediates for chemical synthesis, to name a few. It is important to recognize the beneficial aspects of halogenated organic compounds, as well as their potentially deleterious impact on the environment and health. Recognition ofthe adverse environmental effects ofmanytypes oforganohalide compounds has led to efforts to reduce or eliminate the most problematic ones. Although organohalide compounds are typically considered to be anthropogenic industrial compounds, they have their counterpart in several thousands of natural biogenic and geogenic organohalides, representing most classes of organic chemicals. Natural sources account for a significant portion of the global organohalogen budget. This volume authored by recognized experts in the field provides a current perspective on how both natural and synthetic organohalides are formed and degraded, and how these processes are incorporated into a global halogen cycle. The focus is on microbial processes, since these play a major role both in the production and degradation, i. e. , cycling of halogenated organic compounds inthe environment. This book is organized into five parts. Part I, Introduction, provides a global perspective on the issues of organohalides and their fate in the environment.