"This book describes China's growing range of activities in Africa, especially in the sub-Saharan region. The three most important instruments China has at its disposal in Africa are development aid, investments and trade policy. The Chinese government, which believes the Western development aid model has failed, is looking for new forms of aid and development in Africa. China's economic success can partly be ascribed to the huge availability of cheap labour, which is primarily employed in export-oriented industries. China is looking for the required raw materials in Africa, and for new marketplaces. Investments are being made on a large scale in Africa by Chinese state-controlled firms and private companies, particularly in the oil-producing countries (Angola, Nigeria and Sudan) and countries rich in minerals (Zambia). Third, the trade policy China is conducting is analysed in China and compared with that of Europe and the United States. In case studies the specific situation in several African countries is examined. In Zambia the mining industry, construction and agriculture are described. One case study of Sudan deals with the political presence of China in Sudan and the extent to which Chinese arms suppliers contributed to the current crisis in Darfur. The possibility of Chinese diplomacy offering a solution in that conflict is discussed. The conclusion considers whether social responsibility can be expected of the Chinese government and companies and if this is desirable, and to what extent the Chinese model in Africa can act as an example - or not - for the West"--Publisher's description.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Africa's recent progress in economic growth has been uneven across countries, and has not translated into structural transformation. Although economic ties between China and Africa have made a positive contribution this engagement has been uneven, shaped by variations in strategic approach, policy ownership, and implementation capacity among African governments. As China undergoes major economic rebalancing to upgrade to an innovation-driven economy, this is bound to affect China-Africa relations, offering both opportunities and challenges. Authored by leading scholars on Africa, China, and China-Africa relations, this volume brings together stimulating and thought-provoking perspectives, and insightful analyses. Focusing on Africa's economic development, it looks at core areas of structural transformation: productive investment and industrialization, international trade, infrastructure development, and financing. China-Africa relations are considered in the context of the global division of labour and power, and through the history and contexts of both China and Africa, a very diverse continent. This volume seeks to fill the gap in the existing literature, steer policy and scholarly debate on the progress and trajectory of China-Africa cooperation, and analyze China's development path as a source of learning for Africa.

Beginning in earnest at the turn of the twenty-first century, China embarked on a robust multilevel engagement strategy with a number of African states on three simultaneous fronts--economic, political, and military. The push was predicated by Beijing's need to secure energy and natural resources to fuel its booming economy and bolster its position as the world's manufacturing hub. The depth of China's engagement cannot be understated, and its increasing stakes in the security dimension of Africa's myriad conflicts is affecting the geopolitical landscape of a continent that has been in the past an exclusive domain of the West. C hina in Africa examines the multifaceted effects of China's engagement with the continent, both its many risks and opportunities. It provides critical and relevant information for understanding the strategic drivers, trends, and the potential impact of China in Africa. The book covers Chinese soft and hard power, energy and arms relations, and China's relations with individual African countries: Angola, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Ultimately, this volume serves to assist in improving U.S. policymakers' understanding of China's role in Africa and ensure that appropriate measures are taken to secure American interests in the region. Contributors include Mauro De Lorenzo (American Enterprise Institute), Drew Thompson (Nixon Center), Wenran Jiang (University of Alberta), Paul Hare (U.S.-Angola Chamber of Commerce), Susan M. Puska (Defense Group, Inc.), Ian Taylor (University of St. Andrews), Chris Zambelis (Helios Global, Inc.), David Shinn (GeorgeWashington University), Joshua Eisenman (American Foreign Policy Council), Yitzhak Shichor (University of Haifa), Greg Mills and Christopher Thompson (Brenthurst Foundation), Andrew McGregor (Aberfoyle International), and John C. K. Daly (United Press International).

Economic relations between China and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have grown phenomenally in recent years. Among the developing countries, China has become a leading source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in SSA and Chinese investment has diversified geographically to reach 44 countries in SSA. Different narratives have been provided to articulate China's growing interest in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for some elementary reasons such attraction is worth commuting on. For China as the second richest country in the world, is perceived to be aggressively taking the centre stage in the global economy. As for African states, China is the ideal commercial partner that seldom slaps special political pre-conditions upon its readily available suppliers, and frequently gives the continent diplomatic backing. China can be arguably mentioned that it uses what it is called dollar diplomacy. Dollar diplomacy can be defined as "the use of a country's financial power to extend its international influence, a form of foreign policy to further its aims through the use of economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries or is the power of a nation's financial resources". Therefore dollar diplomacy can be attributed as the use of diplomatic influence, economic pressure, and military power to protect a nation's economic and business interests abroad. The engagement or involvement of China into African economies will be examined to assess if dollar diplomacy was or is at play. Since 2000-2019 China has emerged as Africa's largest trading partner, which is the period the paper will focus on until recently. Chinese direct investment in and lending to African countries has grown rapidly in the past few years. A mass of Chinese workers have moved to Africa in recent years, with estimates running as high as one million in pursuit of investment and trade. Some argues that China's engagement in Africa led to faster growth and poverty reduction on the continent. Whereas some have a different view arguing that in the long run, China will desert Africa in a very dilapidated state. The statement can be argued to be true and it might not. The statement might have been said out of jealousy as seeing that China is penetrating the African market rapidly and aggressively so. Furthermore, growth in Sub-Saharan African has been very impressive over the past decade, especially in the mid-2000 when GDP growth averaged close to 7% per annum. Note that growth has since slowed down, especially in 2015 and 2016. Both the high levels of growth and the subsequent slowdown are related to China. While China's deepening engagement with Africa has largely been associated with better economic performance, its involvement is not without controversy. This is particularly true in the Africa, as typical headlines portray an exploitative relationship: "Into Africa: China's Wild Rush"; "China in Africa: Investment or Exploitation?" and "authors warns against 'new colonialism' in Africa." The purpose of this paper is to analyze the major factors affecting foreign direct investment (FDI) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with particular emphasis on Chinese FDI, and the influence of dollar diplomacy. The flow in Chinese involvement is relatively recent as China has found a new way to penetrate SSA countries economic markets like no any other continents has ever done. Thus one simple objective is to arrange evidence about the scale of China's trade, investment, and its impact in Sub-Saharan Africa and what has attracted that investment into Africa. China's economic engagement with Africa is a complex issue with numerous aspects. It is usually difficult to find good and comprehensive data on low-income countries, and much of Africa is low-income. However, more efforts will be done to secure the data to enable analysis in answering the questions concerned. Many graphs and tables from different sources have been used to analyse the topic of the paper to ascertain its veracity or/and fallaciousness. In general, China's engagement with Africa is a win-win scenario for both sides as alluded at the latest concluded Forum for China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) that was held from 3-4 September 2018 in Beijing, China. So it would make sense to be more forthcoming with information. Still, there is some available information on and research into China's trade, investment, and migration visà- vis Africa to draw some tentative conclusions and to make some recommendations for African countries and China.

The geopolitical landscape of China-Africa relations has been overlooked during the G8's purported 'Year of Africa', which generated debate in the build-up to the China-Africa Summit in Beijing in 2006. This book offers surveys of China's return to Africa, examining what this relationship holds for diplomacy, trade and development.