tailor-made molecules and indicated what kind of compounds could be prepared in the near future. In several evening and weekend sessions some participants presented summaries of their recent work and these and other new results were discussed. A draft of these discussions could not be added in printed form because of the 1 imitations set by the total page number of this volume, but to give at least an idea of the problems touched upon during these sessions, a 1 ist of the main contributors together with the title of the conribution discussed is given as an appendix. The reader might contact these authors directly if interested in special recent results. I hope that the participants have profited from the meeting and, furthermore, that at least some of the readers of the following papers are stimulated to high-dimensional cooperative efforts on low-dimensional conductive sol ids. Primarily I have to thank NATO who made this project possible through generous financial support. Especially I would 1 ike to men tion gratefully the excellent cooperation with Dr. T. Kester of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, whose personal efforts helped in the preparation and organization of the meeting. The Advanced Study Institute could not have taken place without the efforts of Mrs.

tailor-made molecules and indicated what kind of compounds could be prepared in the near future. In several evening and weekend sessions some participants presented summaries of their recent work and these and other new results were discussed. A draft of these discussions could not be added in printed form because of the 1 imitations set by the total page number of this volume, but to give at least an idea of the problems touched upon during these sessions, a 1 ist of the main contributors together with the title of the conribution discussed is given as an appendix. The reader might contact these authors directly if interested in special recent results. I hope that the participants have profited from the meeting and, furthermore, that at least some of the readers of the following papers are stimulated to high-dimensional cooperative efforts on low-dimensional conductive sol ids. Primarily I have to thank NATO who made this project possible through generous financial support. Especially I would 1 ike to men tion gratefully the excellent cooperation with Dr. T. Kester of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, whose personal efforts helped in the preparation and organization of the meeting. The Advanced Study Institute could not have taken place without the efforts of Mrs.

Low-dimensional solids are of fundamental interest in materials science due to their anisotropic properties. Written not only for experts in the field, this book explains the important concepts behind their physics and surveys the most interesting one-dimensional systems and discusses their present and emerging applications in molecular scale electronics. Chemists, polymer and materials scientists as well as students will find this book a very readable introduction to the solid-state physics of electronic materials. In this completely revised and expanded third edition the authors also cover graphene as one of the most important research topics in the field of low dimensional materials for electronic applications. In addition, the topics of nanotubes and nanoribbons are widely enlarged to reflect the research advances of the last years.

Although the problem of a metal in one dimension has long been known to solid-state physicists, it was not until the synthesis of real one-dimensional or quasi-one-dimensional systems that this subject began to attract considerable attention. This has been due in part to the search for high temperature superconductivity and the possibility of reaching this goal with quasi-one-dimensional substances. A period of intense activity began in 1973 with the report of a measurement of an apparently divergent conduc tivity peak in TfF-TCNQ. Since then a great deal has been learned about quasi-one-dimensional conductors. The emphasis now has shifted from trying to find materials of very high conductivity to the many interesting problems of physics and chemistry involved. But many questions remain open and are still under active investigation. This book gives a review of the experimental as well as theoretical progress made in this field over the last years. All the chapters have been written by scientists who have established themselves as experts in theoreti cal and experimental solid-state physics. The book is intended to be of use both to students and researchers entering the field as well as to more advanced physicists. The wealth of ideas and information it contains ought to be useful to anyone interested in quasi-one-dimensional systems, organic solids, or the search for novel conduction and superconduction mechanisms. The editors are very grateful to the authors for their collaboration in this book.

Mixed valency is one of various names used to describe compounds which contain ions of the same element in two different formal states of oxidation. The existence of mixed valency systems goes far back into the geological evolutionary history of the earth and other planets, while a plethora of mixed valency minerals has attracted attention since antiquity. Indeed, control of the oxidation states of Fe in its oxides (FeO, Fe304' Fe203) was elegantly used in vase painting by the ancient Greeks to produce the characteristic black and red Attic ceramics (Z. Goffer, "Archaeological Chemistry", Wiley, New York, 1980). It was, however, only 25 years ago that two reviews of mixed valency appeared in the literature almost simultaneously, signalling the first attempt to treat mixed valency systems as a separate class of compounds whose properties can be correlated with the molecular and the electronic structure of their members. Then mixed valency phenomena attracted the interest of disparate classes of scientists, ranging from synthetic chemists to solid state physicists and from biologists to geologists. This activity culminated with the NATO ASI meeting in Oxford in 1979. The 1980's saw again a continuing upsurge of interest in mixed valency. Its presence is a necessary factor in the search for highly conducting materials, including molecular metals and superconductors. The highly celebrated high T c ceramic superconducting oxides are indeed mixed valency compounds.

Semiconductors are at the heart of modern living. Almost everything we do, be it work, travel, communication, or entertainment, all depend on some feature of semiconductor technology. Comprehensive Semiconductor Science and Technology, Six Volume Set captures the breadth of this important field, and presents it in a single source to the large audience who study, make, and exploit semiconductors. Previous attempts at this achievement have been abbreviated, and have omitted important topics. Written and Edited by a truly international team of experts, this work delivers an objective yet cohesive global review of the semiconductor world. The work is divided into three sections. The first section is concerned with the fundamental physics of semiconductors, showing how the electronic features and the lattice dynamics change drastically when systems vary from bulk to a low-dimensional structure and further to a nanometer size. Throughout this section there is an emphasis on the full understanding of the underlying physics. The second section deals largely with the transformation of the conceptual framework of solid state physics into devices and systems which require the growth of extremely high purity, nearly defect-free bulk and epitaxial materials. The last section is devoted to exploitation of the knowledge described in the previous sections to highlight the spectrum of devices we see all around us. Provides a comprehensive global picture of the semiconductor world Each of the work's three sections presents a complete description of one aspect of the whole Written and Edited by a truly international team of experts