Chemical principles are fundamental to the Earth sciences, and geoscience students increasingly require a firm grasp of basic chemistry to succeed in their studies. The enlarged third edition of this highly regarded textbook introduces the student to such ‘geo-relevant’ chemistry, presented in the same lucid and accessible style as earlier editions, but the new edition has been strengthened in its coverage of environmental geoscience and incorporates a new chapter introducing isotope geochemistry. The book comprises three broad sections. The first (Chapters 1–4) deals with the basic physical chemistry of geological processes. The second (Chapters 5–8) introduces the wave-mechanical view of the atom and explains the various types of chemical bonding that give Earth materials their diverse and distinctive properties. The final chapters (9–11) survey the geologically relevant elements and isotopes, and explain their formation and their abundances in the cosmos and the Earth. The book concludes with an extensive glossary of terms; appendices cover basic maths, explain basic solution chemistry, and list the chemical elements and the symbols, units and constants used in the book.

Geology is an earth science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the process by which they change. Geology can also refer generally to the study of the solid features of any celestial body. Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans. Environmental geology is an applied science concerned with the practical application of the principles of geology in the solving of environmental problems. The book "Chemical Fundamentals of Geology and Environmental Geoscience" is divided into nine chapters. Chemical abrasion can easily and routinely be applied as a pre-treatment protocol to improve concordance for the majority of samples for LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology, which is briefly discussed in firts chapter, Pockmarks are geological features that are found on the bottom of lakes and oceans all over the globe. Inactive pockmarks affect sediment microbial community structure, which are described in second chapter. In terms of tectonic, the main structural element are presented in third chapter by a segment of Podolian Faults Zone, oriented in north-western direction. Morphology, geology and water quality assessment of former tin mining catchment have been focused in fourth chapter. The aim of the fifth chapter is to review the current status of the neutrino geoscience. The purpose of sixth chapter is to evaluate the potential for future epidemiological investigations in Denmark of lifelong and chronic exposure to low doses of these compounds. Seventh chapter presents an approach for a unified assessment of damage potential of earthen levee systems by developing a GIS-based computational platform that accounts for spatial variability of the soils and includes refined slope stability and liquefaction hazard assessment models, specifically tailored to earthen levees. The eighth chapter examples of how some of the key questions and challenges are addressed by the Nordic geological surveys. Last chapter contributes immensely to the debate on geology of the basement complex of Southwestern Nigeria.

The second edition of this innovative book provides 'geo-relevant' chemistry in a highly accessible format. The environmental, geological and topical relevance has been enhanced, providing the ideal text to explain the relevance of chemical fundamentals to geological and environmental processes.

IGNEOUS ROCKS AND PROCESSES A practical introduction to igneous petrology for students and practitioners The newly revised Second Edition of Igneous Rocks and Processes: A Practical Guide, delivers an authoritative introduction to igneous petrology and helps students to develop key skills and confidence in identifying igneous materials and in naming and interpreting unknown igneous rocks presented to them. It serves as both a conventional course text and a practical laboratory manual. The authors review igneous nomenclature and subsequently describe specific compositional categories of magmatic rocks. Each chapter covers definitions, mineralogy, eruption and emplacement processes, textures and crystallization processes, geotectonic distribution, geochemistry, and aspects of magma genesis. Additional chapters address phase equilibrium experiments and physical volcanology. This latest edition offers readers extensively updated chapters, as well as access to a companion website with supplementary material. It also provides: Thorough introductions to magmas, magmatic rocks, and magma differentiation Exercises for each chapter, with answers provided at the end A detailed summary of techniques and optical data for mineral identification using a polarizing microscope An introduction to petrographic calculations and an extensive glossary Perfect for geoscience students taking courses in igneous petrology, Igneous Rocks and Processes: A Practical Guide, second edition will also earn a place in the libraries of postgraduate students and researchers in the field.

Geoscience is a fundamental natural science discipline dealing with the origin, evolutionary history and behaviour of the planet Earth. As a result of its complicated and complex nature, the Earth system not only provides the necessary materials and environment for mankind to live, but also brings many types of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, ?oods and tornadoes, to mention just a few. With the ever-increasing demand for improving our living standards, it has been recognized that the existing natural resources will be exhausted in the near future and that our living environments are, in fact, deteriorating. To maintain the sustainable development of our living standards and the further improvement of our living environments, an inevitable and challenging task that geoscientists are now confronting is how accurately to predict not only the occurrences of these natural disasters, but also the locations of large concealed natural resources in the deep Earth. For this reason, geoscientists must study the processes, rules and laws, by which the Earth system operates, instead of simply describing and observing g- science phenomena.

Geothermal energy stands out because it can be used as a baseload resource. This book, unlike others, examines the geology related to geothermal applications. Geology dictates (a) how geothermal resources can be found, (b) the nature of the geothermal resource (such as liquid- or vapor-dominated) and (c) how the resource might be developed ultimately (such as flash or binary geothermal plants). The compilation and distillation of geological elements of geothermal systems into a single reference fills a notable gap.