With the rise in general awareness of the effects of trace chemicals in the environment on man's health, it has been realized that traditional methods of analysis are often inadequate. Reliable analyses are needed in the fractional parts-per million range of contaminants in condensed phases, and of the order of micrograms per cubic meter in air. Trying to get meaningful answers regarding such minute amounts raises cogent problems in all stages of an analysis. It is most appropriate, therefore, that the 1971 Eastern Analytical Symposium should have four half-day sessions devoted to this general field. Two of these, entitled "Trace Metals in the Envi ronment," were assembled by Dr. Kneip, one on "Pesticides in the Environment: Recently Discovered Analytical Problems," by Dr. Zweig, and one on "The Determination of Anions in Water," by Dr. Lambert. Together, these reports furnish a fairly complete picture of the present state of environmental anal ysis. The remainder of this volume is devoted to pharmaceutical analysis, a diversified field in which nearly all analytical methods find a place. Partly because of this multiplicity of techniques, and partly due to the large number of samples which must be examined in connection with the manu facture, biological testing, and clinical applica tion of pharmaceutical preparations, this area is particularly appropriate for the introduction of automation. The objective, broadly, is to speed up multiple analyses without the sacrifice of accuracy.

Volume 8 in the series Progress in AnaZyticaZ Chemistry presents a selection of the papers given at the 1975 Eastern Analytical Symposium. The analytical chemist is under constant pressure not only from the research chemist whose sampIes he must characterize and control, but also from an ever-increasing group of governmental agencies stimulated by public concern over health and environmental problems, to determine the most sophisticated kinds of compounds as lower and lower levels. The subjects covered in these papers are wide-ranging, from the analysis of incinerator effluents to the determination of drugs in blood, but through them runs a common theme, the appli cation of the latest instrumental techniques to the problems of analysis. The authors show how successful they have been in rising to the analytical challenges pre sented by an increasingly complex world. The editors take this opportunity to thank them for their efforts in producing such excellent papers for publication in so short a time. Dur special appreciation goes to Dr. M. W. Miller, who acted as program chairman, and his team of session chairmen: P. R. Brown, L. J. Cline Love, C. Horvath, J. R. Lindsay, and T. C. Rains.

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

This volume presents a group of selected papers given at the November, 1972, meeting of the Eastern Analytical Symposium. As has always been the intent of the series, "Progress in Analytical Chemistry," the papers are written by authorities who are also active workers in their fields. Included are applications of Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Emission Spectroscopy, Nu clear Magnetic Resonance, Liquid Chromatography, Thin-Layer Chromatography, Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Gas Chromatography and the powerful marriage of the last two. In modern analysis there is a constant search for applications of existing instrumentation in new ways to produce results hitherto unobtainable. In every case both the versatility of the researcher and the flexibility of the method used are amply illustrated. Thanks are due to the authors of the papers for their efforts in coping with the many problems of producing a manuscript in finished form enabling rapid publication. Ivor L. Simmons Galen W. Ewing v CONTENTS Raman Spectroscopy for the Study of Nematic Liquid Crystals . . . . . . 1 Bernard J. Bulkin Recent Developments in Arc Emission Spectroscopy: Introductory Remarks . . . . . . . . . . 13 Ramon M. Barnes Advances in the Static-Argon, DC-ARC Spectrochemical Source . . • . . 23 W. A. Gordon, K. M. Hambidge, and M. L. Franklin The Use of Calculated X-ray Powder Patterns in the Interpretation of Quantitative Analysis 45 C. Clark, D. K. Smith, and G. G. Johnson, Jr.