La maîtrise du phénomène "changement climatique" devient indispensable pour le bien-être social et économique. L'Afrique de l'Ouest, une région vulnérable et parmi les plus exposées aux modifications climatiques dans le monde, connaît depuis quelques années des phénomènes extrêmes. Les bouleversements climatiques sont abordés et vécus différemment par les acteurs sociaux : migration climatique, accentuation de la désertification et de l'érosion côtière, dégradation de l'environnement, etc.

L’avenir de l'Afrique de l'Ouest dépend de la capacité de son agriculture à assurer la sécurité alimentaire de sa population, qui devrait doubler en vingt ans, tout en faisant face aux risques nouveaux engendrés par le réchauffement climatique. En effet, les modifications de température et de précipitations déjà à l’oeuvre, et qui devraient s’amplifier, auront dans un futur proche des répercussions importantes sur la production agricole et sur les ressources en eau de cette partie du continent africain. L’adaptation des sociétés rurales aux risques climatiques est une des clés pour relever ce nouveau défi. Pour mieux en connaître le potentiel, les processus et les barrières, cet ouvrage analyse les évolutions récentes et en cours du climat et de l’environnement, et étudie comment les sociétés rurales les perçoivent et les intègrent : quels sont les impacts de ces changements, quelles vulnérabilités mais aussi quelles nouvelles opportunités entraînent-ils ? Comment les populations s’y adaptent-elles, et quelles innovations mettent-elles en oeuvre, alors que les effets induits par le climat interagissent avec les changements sociaux, politiques, économiques et techniques en cours sur le continent ? En associant des chercheurs français et africains (climatologues, agronomes, hydrologues, écologues, démographes, géographes, anthropologues, sociologues...) dans une approche interdisciplinaire, cet ouvrage apporte une contribution précieuse pour mieux anticiper les risques climatiques et évaluer les capacités des sociétés africaines à y faire face.

This second volume is the work of more than 55 authors from 15 different disciplines and includes complex systems science which studies the viability of components, and also the study of empirical situations. As readers will discover, the coviability of social and ecological systems is based on the contradiction between humanity, which adopts finalized objectives, and the biosphere, which refers to a ecological functions. We see how concrete situations shed light on the coviability’s determinants, and in this book the very nature of the coviability, presented as a concept-paradigm, is defined in a transversal and ontological ways. By adopting a systemic approach, without advocating any economic dogma (such as development) or dichotomizing between humans and nature, while emphasizing what is relevant to humans and what is not, this work neutrally contextualizes man’s place in the biosphere. It offers a new mode of thinking and positioning of the ecological imperative, and will appeal to all those working with social and ecological systems.

Winner of the American Comparative Literature Association's Rene Wellek Prize (2004) As one of the founding poets and editors of the Language School of poetry and one of its central theorists, Barrett Watten has consistently challenged the boundaries of literature and art. In The Constructivist Moment, he offers a series of theoretically informed and textually sensitive readings that advance a revisionist account of the avant-garde through the methodologies of cultural studies. His major topics include American modernist and postmodern poetics, Soviet constructivist and post-Soviet literature and art, Fordism and Detroit techno—each proposed as exemplary of the social construction of aesthetic and cultural forms. His book is a full-scale attempt to place the linguistic turn of critical theory and the self-reflexive foregrounding of language by the avant-garde since the Russian Formalists in relation to the cultural politics of postcolonial studies, feminism, and race theory. As such, it will provide a crucial revisionist perspective within modernist and avant-garde studies.

This book has been published by Allenvi (French National Alliance for Environmental Research) to coincide with the 22nd Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP22) in Marrakesh. It is the outcome of work by academic researchers on both sides of the Mediterranean and provides a remarkable scientific review of the mechanisms of climate change and its impacts on the environment, the economy, health and Mediterranean societies. It will also be valuable in developing responses that draw on “scientific evidence” to address the issues of adaptation, resource conservation, solutions and risk prevention. Reflecting the full complexity of the Mediterranean environment, the book is a major scientific contribution to the climate issue, where various scientific considerations converge to break down the boundaries between disciplines.

Cover Crops in West Africa Contributing to Sustainable Agriculture