This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, edited by Dr. Karsten Bartels and Dr. Stefan Dieleman in collaboration with Consulting Editor Dr. Lee Fleisher, focuses on Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care. Topics in this issue include: Anesthetic Management for Endovascular Repair of the Thoracic Aorta; Ethical Considerations for Mechanical Support; Modulating Perioperative Ventricular Excitability; Echocardiography Education for Anesthesia Trainees; Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Cardiac Surgery; New Approaches to Perioperative Right Ventricular Assessment; New Techniques for Optimization of Donor Lungs/Hearts; Recent Developments in Catheter-Based Cardiac Procedures; Heart Failure in Adults with Congential Heart Disease; Optimizing Perioperative Blood and Coagulation Management During Cardiac Surgery; Advances in the Prevention of AKI Following Cardiac Surgery; Clinical Trials That Should be Done in Cardiac Anesthesia; and Cardiac Surgery and the Blood-Brain Barrier.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, edited by Dr. Karsten Bartels and Dr. Stefan Dieleman in collaboration with Consulting Editor Dr. Lee Fleisher, focuses on Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care. Topics in this issue include: Anesthetic Management for Endovascular Repair of the Thoracic Aorta; Ethical Considerations for Mechanical Support; Modulating Perioperative Ventricular Excitability; Echocardiography Education for Anesthesia Trainees; Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Cardiac Surgery; New Approaches to Perioperative Right Ventricular Assessment; New Techniques for Optimization of Donor Lungs/Hearts; Recent Developments in Catheter-Based Cardiac Procedures; Heart Failure in Adults with Congential Heart Disease; Optimizing Perioperative Blood and Coagulation Management During Cardiac Surgery; Advances in the Prevention of AKI Following Cardiac Surgery; Clinical Trials That Should be Done in Cardiac Anesthesia; and Cardiac Surgery and the Blood-Brain Barrier.

This issue on sex and gender comes at an opportune time, as the DSM-IV is being revised, and in particular sex and gender issues are being reconsidered. This issue focuses on research in the area of gender variant children and transgender adolescents, assessment of several scenarios and clear information on practice parameters. Therapy for gender variant children and transgender adolescents is discussed in detail, as well as parents' perspectives, ethical legal, and non-discrimination issues, and education on these subjects. International standards of care are also discussed.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics covers Medically Complex Patients. Topics: The Anesthesia Patient with Concomitant Cardiac and Pulmonary Disease; Anesthesia for the Patient with Concomitant Hepatic and Renal Impairment; Anesthesia for Patients with Concomitant Cardiac and Hematologic Disorders; Surgical Critical Care for the Trauma Patient with Cardiac Disease; Surgical Critical Care for the Patient with Sepsis and Multiple Organ Dysfunction; Anesthesia for Patients with Concomitant Cardiac and Renal Dysfunction; Anesthesia for Medically Complex Patients with Anemia; and more!

In this issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, guest editors Drs. Athanasios Chalkias, Mary Jarzebowski, and Kathryn Rosenblatt bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Current Topics in Critical Care for the Anesthesiologist. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as perioperative management of the acute stroke patient; traumatic brain injury: intraoperative management and ICU multimodality monitoring; update on mechanical circulatory devices; management of intraoperative cardiac arrest; intraoperative ventilator management of the critically ill patient; and more. Contains 16 relevant, practice-oriented topics including transfusion thresholds across surgical specialties; delirium prevention and management in frail surgical patients; perioperative fluid management and volume assessment; coagulopathy and emergent reversal of anticoagulation; impact of ICU nutrition on the microbiome and patient outcomes; massive trauma; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on current topics in critical care for the anesthesiologist, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics covers the latest updates in cardiovascular anesthesia written by the world-leading experts on the topic. Procedurally-focused articles cover best practices in fluid and blood management, mechanical circulation support, anesthesia for robotic surgery, adult congenital heart surgery, transplantation and more. Achieve the best outcomes and keep current on this area of anesthesia practice.

Analgesia is the relief of pain. It can take a variety of forms including pain medication, local anaesthesia or regional block. Anaesthesia implies either unconsciousness (general anaesthesia) or complete absence of sensation (regional anaesthesia) (Healthtap.com). Part of the World Clinics: Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain series, this book presents evidence-based reviews of current protocols in the management of labour and delivery using analgesia and/or anaesthesia. Divided into three sections, the book begins with an introduction to the basic anatomical and physiological changes in pregnancy, practical pharmacology and neonatal physiology. Section two discusses obstetric analgesia, including non-pharmacological options. The third section describes obstetric anaesthesia, including airway management in general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia for caesarean section, and management of failed spinal block. Key points Part of World Clinics: Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain series Evidence-based reviews of obstetrical analgesia and anaesthesia Contributions from specialists in the USA, Europe and Asia