Carbon in U.S. Forests and Wood Products, 1987-1997: State-by-State Estimates

Carbon in U.S. Forests and Wood Products, 1987-1997: State-by-State Estimates
Title Carbon in U.S. Forests and Wood Products, 1987-1997: State-by-State Estimates PDF eBook
Author
Publisher DIANE Publishing
Pages 47
Release 2003
Genre
ISBN 1428960430

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Carbon in U.S. Forests and Wood Products, 1987-1997: State-by-State Estimates

Carbon in U.S. Forests and Wood Products, 1987-1997: State-by-State Estimates
Title Carbon in U.S. Forests and Wood Products, 1987-1997: State-by-State Estimates PDF eBook
Author G. M. Lewis
Publisher DIANE Publishing
Pages 47
Release 2003
Genre
ISBN 1428960422

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Carbon in U.S. Forests and Wood Products, 1987-1997

Carbon in U.S. Forests and Wood Products, 1987-1997
Title Carbon in U.S. Forests and Wood Products, 1987-1997 PDF eBook
Author Richard A. Birdsey
Publisher
Pages 48
Release 2003
Genre Biomass
ISBN

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Value Addition of Horticultural Crops: Recent Trends and Future Directions

Value Addition of Horticultural Crops: Recent Trends and Future Directions
Title Value Addition of Horticultural Crops: Recent Trends and Future Directions PDF eBook
Author Amit Baran Sharangi
Publisher Springer
Pages 341
Release 2015-02-27
Genre Technology & Engineering
ISBN 8132222628

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This book combines several ideas and philosophies and provides a detailed discussion on the value addition of fruits, vegetables, spices, plantation crops, floricultural crops and in forestry. Separate chapters address the packaging, preservation, drying, dehydration, total quality management and supply chain management of horticultural crops. The book explains value addition as a process of increasing the economic value and consumer appeal of a commodity with special reference to horticultural crops. Each chapter focuses on a specific area, exploring value addition as a production/ marketing strategy driven by customer needs and preferences. But, as such, it is also a more creative field, calling for more imagination than calculated, routine work. Value is added to the particular produce item when the product is still available when the season is out and the demand for the product exceeds the available supply. Value addition is an important factor in the growth and development of the horticultural sector, both in India and around the world. But very little information is available on this particular aspect of horticulture. Albert Einstein famously said, “Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.” This message is not only true for those people who want to make more of themselves, but also for those who want their creation or product in any form to excel. And it certainly applies to horticultural crops, which are extremely perishable. It is true that loss reduction is normally less costly than equivalent increases in production. The loss of fresh produce can be minimized by adopting different processing and preservation techniques to convert the fresh vegetables into suitable value-added and diversified products, which will help to reduce the market glut during harvest season. Value-added processed products are products that can be obtained from main products and by-products after some sort of processing and subsequently marketed for an increased profit margin. Generally speaking, value-added products indicate that for the same volume of primary products, a higher price is achieved by means of processing, packing, enhancing the quality or other such methods. The integrated approach from harvesting to the delivery into the hands of the consumer, if handled properly, can add value to fresh produce on the market. But most of the fresh produce has a limited life, although it can be stored at appropriate temperature and relative humidity for the same time. If such produce is processed just after harvesting, it adds value and stabilizes the processed products for a longer time. Preparing processed products will provide more variety to consumers and improve the taste and other sensory properties of food. This will also promote their fortification with nutrients that are lacking in fresh produce. By adopting suitable methods for processing and value addition, the shelf life of fresh produce can be increased manifold, which supports their availability year-round to a wider spectrum of consumers on both the domestic and international market. With increased urbanization, rising middle class purchasing power, changing food habits and a decline in making preserved products in individual homes, there is now a higher demand for industry-made products on the domestic market. In spite of all these aspects, only 1-2.2% of the total produce is processed in developing countries, as compared to 40-83% in developed countries. The horticultural export industry offers an important source of employment for developing countries. For instance, horticulture accounts for 30% of India’s agricultural GDP from 8.5% of cropped area. India is the primary producer of spices, second largest producer of fruits and vegetables and holds a prominent position with regard to most plantation crops in the world. The cultivation of horticultural crops is substantially more labor-intensive than growing cereal crops and offers more post-harvest opportunities for the development of value-added products. This book offers a valuable guide for students of horticulture, as well as a comprehensive resource for educators, scientists, industrial personnel, amateur growers and farmers.

Peatland Biogeochemistry and Watershed Hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest

Peatland Biogeochemistry and Watershed Hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest
Title Peatland Biogeochemistry and Watershed Hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest PDF eBook
Author Randall Kolka
Publisher CRC Press
Pages 506
Release 2011-02-22
Genre Nature
ISBN 1439814252

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The Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Minnesota serves as a living laboratory and provides scientists with a fundamental understanding of peatland hydrology, acid rain impacts, nutrient and carbon cycling, trace gas emissions, and controls on mercury transport in boreal watersheds. Its important role in scientific research continues to grow as t

Recarbonization of the Biosphere

Recarbonization of the Biosphere
Title Recarbonization of the Biosphere PDF eBook
Author Rattan Lal
Publisher Springer Science & Business Media
Pages 578
Release 2012-03-30
Genre Science
ISBN 9400741588

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Human activities are significantly modifying the natural global carbon (C) cycles, and concomitantly influence climate, ecosystems, and state and function of the Earth system. Ever increasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are added to the atmosphere by fossil fuel combustion but the biosphere is a potential C sink. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of C cycling in the biosphere is crucial for identifying and managing biospheric C sinks. Ecosystems with large C stocks which must be protected and sustainably managed are wetlands, peatlands, tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, grasslands, degraded/desertified lands, agricultural lands, and urban lands. However, land-based sinks require long-term management and a protection strategy because C stocks grow with a progressive improvement in ecosystem health.

National Forest Inventories

National Forest Inventories
Title National Forest Inventories PDF eBook
Author Claude Vidal
Publisher Springer
Pages 847
Release 2016-11-24
Genre Technology & Engineering
ISBN 3319440152

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The book presents the current state and good practices of national forest inventories in monitoring wood resources and demonstrates pathways for harmonisation and improved common reporting. Beyond a general overview over availability and use of wood resources in different countries, it provides a unique collection of original contributions from national forest inventory experts with in-depth descriptions of current NFI methods in assessing wood availability and wood use in European countries, and selected countries from America and Asia.The main topics are national definitions and improvements in common reporting of forests available for wood supply, stem quality and assortments, estimation of change including growth and drain, and tree resources outside forest land. The book is a must-have for everyone who is contributing to national forest inventories either methodologically or operatively, for people who want or need to understand national forest inventory provided data and information on the availability of wood resources. By providing profound knowledge it is a valuable basis for scientists involved in scenario modelling and analysing effects of climate change, as well as individuals in private organisations and public administrations promoting the sustainable use of natural resources and the potential of green economy.