Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The suitability of different materials for the tuning structure of the LHC rf cavities is evaluated. The structure spanning the temperature interval from room to cryogenic is subjected to mechanical loading, and radiation. A filament wound tube reinforced with high-strength carbon fibres is considered to be most appropriate. Design calculations are performed using laminate theory. The safety margin for a cylindric filament wound tube under the given mechanical and thermal loading conditions is calculated for different winding angles. The calculations indicate that the thermal load is causing shear and transverse stresses which are more critical than the stresses due to the mechanical load. A fatigue test is performed with a prototype tube under thermal and mechanical working conditions as they are estimated for LHC. Before and after the fatigue test, non-destructive testing methods (ultrasonic examination, microscopy, and geometry measurements) are employed to evaluate the material condition before and after the fatigue test. All three non-destructive tests indicate that the prototype tube withstood the fatigue test damage free. No advice on fibre breakage, delaminations, or matrix micro-cracking has been found. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: 1.Introduction1 2.Background3 2.1CERN3 2.2CERN's Future Project LHC4 2.3RF Cavities5 2.4Tuning of Cavities7 3.Material and Geometry11 3.1Mechanical Load, Life Expectancy12 3.2Thermal Load13 3.3Radiation Resistance13 3.4Choice of Material14 3.5Choice of Structure17 4.Design Calculations21 4.1Mechanics of Fibre-Reinforced Composites21 4.2Calculation of Stresses and Strains23 4.2.1Temperature Distribution23 4.2.2Stresses and Strains26 4.3Failure Analysis34 5.Testing Methods37 5.1Destructive.37 5.1.1Tensile Properties37 5.1.2In-Plane Shear Properties38 5.2Non-Destructive Testing38 5.2.1Ultrasonic Testing39 5.2.2Radiography43 5.2.3Acoustic-Emission44 5.2.4Acousto-Ultrasonic Testing45 5.2.5Thermography46 5.2.6Other Methods47 6.Testing49 6.1Non-Destructive Material Tests49 6.1.1Microscopy of End-Sections50 6.1.2Geometry50 6.1.3Ultrasonic Testing51 6.2Description of Fatigue Test53 6.2.1Test Assembly53 6.2.2Testing Procedure55 6.3Results and Discussion57 6.3.1Fatigue Test57 6.3.2Microscopy of End-Sections57 6.3.3Geometry58 6.3.4Ultrasonic Test59 7.Conclusions65 Bibliography67 A.Initial Specification of the [...]

Describes the technology and engineering of the Large Hadron collider (LHC), one of the greatest scientific marvels of this young 21st century. This book traces the feat of its construction, written by the head scientists involved, placed into the context of the scientific goals and principles.

In the construction industry, fibre-reinforced polymer composites are widely used in applications such as cladding, pipes, for repair and in strengthening work. However, there are many situations where they are not used, where they can offer a solution through their high strength-to-weight ratio, their ability to survive harsh environments, and the fact that they can be formed into complex shapes. They can be fire resistant, and their low weight brings installation benefits in space-cramped and time-critical projects. These benefits mean that the composite solution can be cheaper than any other alternative, particularly in terms of whole life cost. This report seeks to address the reasons why FRP composites are not used more widely in construction, and to encourage their appropriate use in the future. This book addresses the many potential applications of FRP, attempting to balance the wide variety of possibilities with the need to provide more detail in key areas. It explains the differences between the techniques and the potential for each one to produce different products. It also helps to make sense of sales and other literature from the industry. The book discusses the key design areas: structural, fire performance, joining, finishes, environmental resistance and environmental impact.

This book introduces the concept, design and application of green biocomposites, with a specific focus on the current demand for green biocomposites for automotive and aerospace components. It discusses the mathematical background, innovative approaches to physical modelling, analysis and design techniques. Including numerous illustrations, tables, case studies and exercises, the text summarises current research in the field. It is a valuable reference resource for researchers, students and scientists working in the field of materials science.