Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Law - Civil / Private, Trade, Anti Trust Law, Business Law, grade: 1,7, University of Applied Sciences Essen, course: Business Law, language: English, abstract: The capacity to contract is a fundamental right that empowers a person to participate in everyday life. To protect certain groups of people from legal transaction that overreach and overexerts them, there a laws in the BGB that limit or deny their contracting capacity. However, sometimes there are cases in which the deficiencies to contract seem to have more disadvantages than advantages for a person. That can be the case in surrogate businesses or if it is not practicable to get the consent of a parent. Especially when it comes to children who are acting anonymously in the internet, it will be challenging in the future for retailers to deal with them. For example, 1 on July 28 in 208, the AG Berlin-Mitte ruled in favour of a father whose daughter had bought a subscription for ringtones without his consent. In this case, the provider "Jamba" was left empty-handed.2 In the light of digitalisation it has become more and more usual to make subscription based contracts not only for hardware but for software as well. Software like photoshop or even office software can be licensed and subscription based. Since those kinds of contracts are not included in the pocket money section, it may become hard for retailers to directly contract with minors without asking for the consent of their parents that would have to reach them directly, which can be rather unpractical.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Law - Civil / Private / Industrial / Labour, grade: 2, University of applied sciences, Düsseldorf, language: English, abstract: This paper presents the essentials of a contract as a part of the German civil law and how it is governed through this law. An important characteristic of German civil law system which sets it apart from common law system is the codification of core rules received from Roman law. These codes are drafted in order to cover all relationships within the field of law they govern. The provisions of a code are the references for a great many practical legal problems arise within that field over time. The concept of codification was developed in order to form a base where the laws of a given field can be found in one category – the code – instead of creating many judicial decisions. Beside its general part, German civil code contains other four divisions; the law of obligations, the law of property, the law of family or domestic relations, and the law of inheritance. The whole commercial law falls under the law of obligation regulated by the code. This includes e.g. the law of bills, notes, shipping, insurance, patents, copyrights, trademarks, contracts, and business transactions. This way of codification provides all citizens with a collection of laws they must follow. These laws constitute a systematic written collection of interrelated articles arranged by subject of matter.

A unique comparative analysis of Chinese contract law accessible to lawyers from civil, common, and mixed law jurisdictions.

Recently the contract section of the German Civil Code was amended after one hundred years of un-altered existence. The German Law of Contract, radically recast, enlarged, and re-written since its first edition, now details and explains for the first time these changes for the benefit of Anglophone lawyers. One hundred and twenty translated contract decisions also make this work a unique source-book for students, academics, and practitioners. Along with its companion volume, The German Law of Torts, the two volumes provide one of the fullest accounts of the German Law of Obligations available in the English language. Through its method of presentation of German law, the book represents an original contribution to the art of comparison. An additional feature of the Contract volume is the way in which it reveals the growing impact which European Directives are having upon the traditional, liberal, contract model, thereby bringing German and English law closer to each other, especially in the area of consumer protection.

Recently the contract section of the German Civil Code was amended after one hundred years of un-altered existence. The German Law of Contract, radically recast, enlarged, and re-written since its first edition, now details and explains for the first time these changes for the benefit of Anglophone lawyers. One hundred and twenty translated contract decisions also make this work a unique source-book for students, academics, and practitioners. Along with its companion volume, The German Law of Torts, the two volumes provide one of the fullest accounts of the German Law of Obligations available in the English language. Through its method of presentation of German law, the book represents an original contribution to the art of comparison. An additional feature of the Contract volume is the way in which it reveals the growing impact which European Directives are having upon the traditional, liberal, contract model, thereby bringing German and English law closer to each other, especially in the area of consumer protection.

"As the book clearly explains, there are situations in which questions of contract law need to be examined by investment tribunals - mainly as preliminary or incidental questions, to determine issues such as contract liability or breach of contract, that in turn are assumed as a basis for the issues of investment law in dispute"--

This is the first volume in the new Oxford International and Comparative Insolvency Law Series. The series will provide a comparative analysis of all important aspects of insolvency proceedings and domestic insolvency laws in the main economically developed and emerging countries, starting with the opening of proceedings. This volume addresses the commencement of insolvency proceedings over business debtors and the conditions in which they may arise. It explains the types of proceedings available and the participants involved. The book also analyses the effect of such action on the various players, assets and liabilities concerned. The detail and uniform nature of the treatment of topics helps practitioners to understand specific features of a foreign legal system and effectively brief foreign counsel. For all readers, the book provides access, through analysis in the detailed commentary, to material that was previously only available in a foreign language. Most major legal families (including various mixed legal systems) are covered to reflect the needs of the international insolvency community and intergovernmental organizations. This is the only book that offers a thorough comparative analysis of existing domestic insolvency laws concerning the opening of insolvency proceedings in the main economically developed and emerging countries.