An activity-led, engaging resource that offers flexible support for students at all levels. The Skills Builder covers the reading and writing components of the Cambridge IGCSE® Urdu as a Second Language syllabus (0539). This text is not endorsed for the Cambridge O Level Urdu as a Second Language (3248) syllabus for examination from 2024. Created by a team of experienced authors working with syllabus experts, the Skills Builder contains authentic, culturally relevant material selected to stimulate language awareness and critical thinking. Engaging, progressive activities help students hone their skills and reach their potential, while self-assessment advice and exam-style questions at the end of each unit build confidence in using the Urdu language.

This best-selling dictionary is now in its 4th edition. Specifically written for students of language teaching and applied linguistics, it has become an indispensible resource for those engaged in courses in TEFL, TESOL, applied linguistics and introductory courses in general linguistics. Fully revised, this new edition includes over 350 new entries. Previous definitions have been revised or replaced in order to make this the most up-to-date and comprehensive dictionary available. Providing straightforward and accessible explanations of difficult terms and ideas in applied linguistics, this dictionary offers: Nearly 3000 detailed entries, from subject areas such as teaching methodology, curriculum development, sociolinguistics, syntax and phonetics. Clear and accurate definitions which assume no prior knowledge of the subject matter helpful diagrams and tables cross references throughout, linking related subject areas for ease of reference, and helping to broaden students' knowledge The Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics is the definitive resource for students.

A page-turning novel that is also an exploration of the great philosophical concepts of Western thought, Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World has fired the imagination of readers all over the world, with more than twenty million copies in print. One day fourteen-year-old Sophie Amundsen comes home from school to find in her mailbox two notes, with one question on each: "Who are you?" and "Where does the world come from?" From that irresistible beginning, Sophie becomes obsessed with questions that take her far beyond what she knows of her Norwegian village. Through those letters, she enrolls in a kind of correspondence course, covering Socrates to Sartre, with a mysterious philosopher, while receiving letters addressed to another girl. Who is Hilde? And why does her mail keep turning up? To unravel this riddle, Sophie must use the philosophy she is learning—but the truth turns out to be far more complicated than she could have imagined.

This open access volume reveals the hidden power of the script we read in and how it shapes and drives our minds, ways of thinking, and cultures. Expanding on the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis (i.e., the idea that language affects the way we think), this volume proposes the “Script Relativity Hypothesis” (i.e., the idea that the script in which we read affects the way we think) by offering a unique perspective on the effect of script (alphabets, morphosyllabaries, or multi-scripts) on our attention, perception, and problem-solving. Once we become literate, fundamental changes occur in our brain circuitry to accommodate the new demand for resources. The powerful effects of literacy have been demonstrated by research on literate versus illiterate individuals, as well as cross-scriptal transfer, indicating that literate brain networks function differently, depending on the script being read. This book identifies the locus of differences between the Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans, and between the East and the West, as the neural underpinnings of literacy. To support the “Script Relativity Hypothesis”, it reviews a vast corpus of empirical studies, including anthropological accounts of human civilization, social psychology, cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, applied linguistics, second language studies, and cross-cultural communication. It also discusses the impact of reading from screens in the digital age, as well as the impact of bi-script or multi-script use, which is a growing trend around the globe. As a result, our minds, ways of thinking, and cultures are now growing closer together, not farther apart.

Discourse analysis considers how language, both spoken and written, enacts social and cultural perspectives and identities. Assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics, An Introduction to Discourse Analysis examines the field and presents James Paul Gee’s unique integrated approach which incorporates both a theory of language-in-use and a method of research. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis can be used as a stand-alone textbook or ideally used in conjunction with the practical companion title How to do Discourse Analysis: A Toolkit. Together they provide the complete resource for students studying discourse analysis. Updated throughout, the fourth edition of this seminal textbook also includes two new chapters: ‘What is Discourse?’ to further understanding of the topic, as well as a new concluding section. A new companion website www.routledge.com/cw/gee features a frequently asked questions section, additional tasks to support understanding, a glossary and free access to journal articles by James Paul Gee. Clearly structured and written in a highly accessible style, An Introduction to Discourse Analysis includes perspectives from a variety of approaches and disciplines, including applied linguistics, education, psychology, anthropology and communication to help students and scholars from a range of backgrounds to formulate their own views on discourse and engage in their own discourse analysis. This is an essential textbook for all advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of discourse analysis.

The challenging exercises and critical vocabulary you need to advance your English skills Created by ESL instructor Diane Engelhardt, Practice Makes Perfect: Advanced English Reading and Comprehension features lengthy, complex passages to help you develop essential English reading and critical thinking skills. Inside are 15 readings on topics such as DNA evidence, sustainable urban communities, the human genome project, and more--subjects that will keep you engaged as you take your English to the next level. You will get plenty of practice, practice, practice on understanding and comprehending high-level vocabulary through enlightening exercises. You’ll master how to organize information you read, summarize text, and more. Before you know it, your reading skills will be stronger and your comprehension will grow, enabling you to get more out of English-language texts. Practice Makes Perfect: Advanced English Reading and Comprehension will help you: Build your academic and technical vocabulary Boost your comprehension skills to an advanced level Create reading strategies to use with any difficult text Develop critical thinking skills

An introduction to Urdu grammar, covering the rules of pronunciation, categories of word, and Urdu script, this book is ideal for all students of Urdu and especially those who have no background in languages or linguistics. It is written in a non-academic style and does not use complex terminology or irrelevant grammatical categories. As a work of linguistics, it also describes the grammar of a lesser-taught language in an innovative and student-focused manner. No more “articles”, “infinitives”, “irregular verbs”, “prepositions”, or “tenses”! Learn grammar the easiest, most efficient, and least time-consuming way possible with Urdu Grammar.