The requirements for placing a military payload (communications relay, electro-optical sensor, etc.) in the sky at short notice are identified. A demonstration aircraft-launched balloon system is proposed and the basic assumptions defined. The balloon size and mass of inflatant to be carried aloft are calculated. Compressed gas and cryogenic storage systems are compared. The weight of storage tank/lift ratio is used to demonstrate the superiority of cryogenic storage. The properties of liquid helium and liquid hydrogen are discussed with respect to safe long term storage. The heat needed to vaporize the cryogens and to warm the resultant inflation gases is calculated. Methods of generating and transferring the required heat at the time of inflation are described. (Modified author abstract).

The annotated bibliography has evolved from an informal compilation prepared in response to many requests from military and civilian researchers who were planning balloon-borne experiments and searching for data or detailed information concerning some specific aspects of modern scientific ballooning operations. The bibliography consists of three parts: a subject index, an author index, and the bibliography with annotations.