In less than 60 pages, the authors summarize and analyze 90 years of Brazilian environmental laws and policies. They select the most important norms and policies, examine their origins, and evaluate their goals and effectiveness, besides looking into the agencies in charge of their enforcement or execution. The text works both as an introduction to this complex field and as a broad and seasoned account that will interest experts. Drummond, Capelari and Platiau have studied these matters for decades. They have tried to pull together their findings and insights and present them in this compact, user-friendly text.

In less than 60 pages, the authors summarize and analyze 90 years of Brazilian environmental laws and policies. They select the most important norms and policies, examine their origins, and evaluate their goals and effectiveness, besides looking into the agencies in charge of their enforcement or execution. The text works both as an introduction to this complex field and as a broad and seasoned account that will interest experts. Drummond, Capelari and Platiau have studied these matters for decades. They have tried to pull together their findings and insights and present them in this compact, user-friendly text.

This book is the result of a collective re¬flection among scholars from 8 federations and decentralized countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Ethiopia, Germany, Italy, Mexico) who sought to update approaches and arguments on federalism in a post-COVID-19 scenario. On one hand, the pandemic highlighted the importance of federalism to deal with complex intergovernmental problems. On the other hand, federations also faced challenges to coordinate different spheres of government. The pandemic has allowed intense learning about the potential and limits of multilevel governance and federal arrangements in addressing emergencies and crises whose effects spread throughout the country. Regarding contemporary challenges such as climate emergency and democratic backsliding, which take on particular contours in federal, quasi-federal, and decentralized countries, the book offers insightful thoughts for scholars and practitioners. Federalism and federal countries can be pivotal in this debate due to their form of territorial division of power. This volume seeks to contribute to these discussions based on thoughts grounded on different national settings. The volume is organized in 16 chapters that contemplate essential topics on federalism and federations, based both on theoretical refl¬ections and empirical research. The chapters were mainly organized to offer for the authors a comparative perspective between the international debate and the Brazilian context. The book covers central issues such as federalism and institutional forms, federalism and democracy, federalism and de/centralization, managing interdependences and intergovernmental relations, federalism and ethnic diversity and federalism and challenges for the welfare state. Although this book is subject to the scrutiny of time, in line with changes in federations themselves, both organizers and authors aspire to provide ongoing debates with insightful contributions on Federalism and Democracy in Brazil and Beyond. This book is an essential reading for students and scholars of federalism, intergovernmental relations, multilevel governance and comparative politics.

To begin, I gratefully acknowledge the support of Appris Editor for accepting the project for an E-Book, and of IAMCR – International Association for Media and Communication Research - for the Fund to Claudia Lambach, PhD, whose Post-Doctorate Project includes the organization of the E-Book and two Dossiers with FAMECOS Journal, plus two Workshops for IAMCR Conference 2023- LYON, France, online (June 26 to September 12) and face-to-face (July 9 to 13), one in Pre-Conference and another in Post-Conference. IAMCR Conference 2023 will be in LYON, France, online (June 26 to July 5) and face-to-face (July 9 to 13). On behalf of IAMCR VIC-Visual Culture Working Group- I, Denize Araujo, PhD, thank Thomas Wiedemann, PhD, Vice-Chair and Curator of VIC CineClub, who selected five French films open for discussion, and also Roger Odin, PhD, Guest of Honor of this session of VIC CineClub, who sent comments about the film Muriel (Resnais, 1963). The E-Book Cinema/Cinéma Français/Cine Francés is VIC ́s proposal as an homage to Lyon, birth of cinéma and site of IAMCR Conference 2023. Appris Editor is the publisher and the publication counts with an International Scientific Committee and texts by researchers from eight countries, in the three official IAMCR idioms: English, French and Spanish, including Roger Odin ́s comments about the film Muriel (Resnais, 1963). The dates for the two sessions of the Workshop with the E-book authors are June 3 and 10 and the launch of it will be in Lyon, during IAMCR 2023 Conference online, from July 9 to 13. Trying to develop a multilevel dialog among the texts, I selected them according to their specific related themes and created three clusters: "filmmakers and their works"; "comparative film analyses"; and "interchanges between two countries". Four authors are included in the first cluster for sharing the same themes, two of them for discussing corporality and two for their focus on cinéma history and silent movies. Two authors share the second cluster for developing comparative analyses and three authors belong to the third cluster presenting interchanges between two countries.

Revise for Cambridge University Certificates of English: A 500-Hundered Key Work Transformation Revision: (for First B2, Advanced C1 & Proficiency C2) Are you a candidate for one of Cambridge Exams above? In this book, you will find: * 150 Key Word Transformation sentences for First (B2); * 175 KWT sentences for Advanced (C1) & * 175 KWT sentences for Proficiency (C2). Ideal to brush up on your English a few days before sitting the official exam, by refreshing strategies to deal effectively with this section of the paper "Use of English".  Answer key to all of the TKT sentences, plus explanatory NOTES on:  (-near) synonyms and (near-) antonyms  word formation  collocation  and other relevant aspects of the English language. The book concludes with 10 Language Boosters and a Word List: 1 – Advanced Vocabulary for Michigan ECPE, Toefl and Ielts 2 – Phrasal Verbs (Upper, Advanced and Proficiency) 3 – Idioms (by themes) 4 – Binomials (collocation) 5 – Dependent Prepositions (nouns and adjectives) 6 – Dependent Prepositions (verbs) 7 – Do or Make? (Collocation) 8 – Rare English Words 9 – Similar Expressions in English and Portuguese 10 – False (and True) Friends (Cognates) 11 – Word List (Extra Vocabulary from Answer Key)

This book extends the framework of the climate-energy-land nexus to elucidate political, economic, social, and institutional factors and causal mechanisms that stringent climate targets bring about, rather than mitigate a disproportional heavy burden on the forest sector in Indonesia. Assessing climate, energy, agricultural, forest, and transmigration policies, and REDD+ and biochar solutions through a multidisciplinary approach, ranging from biological, agricultural, technological, economic, and institutional lenses, the book identifies the political-economic and socio-technical regimes that cause the crosssectoral transfer of responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions to palm-oil-based biofuel, imposing an excess burden on the forest sector and accelerating indirect land-use change. It also proposes possible countermeasures for agricultural and forest sectors, reconfirming that technical applications and integrated policymaking should trigger the socioeconomic changes that will make transformative change happen in Indonesia. As an analysis of the success, or otherwise, of stringent climate targets, policies, and technological and non-technological measures on the reduction of greenhouse gases, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars in the fields of environment & sustainability, Asian studies, energy, environment and agriculture, forestry, and agriculture & environmental sciences. It will also appeal to practitioners and policymakers tackling net-zero emissions and land and forest governance.

"The book provides a deeper understanding of modern art in the Brazilian context, moving the focus away from the self-declared avant-gardes and towards a broad panorama of modernizing tendencies throughout the period, 1890 to 1945. The backdrop of sertão, favelas, carnival and samba - often left out of accounts that restrict readings of modernism to erudite arenas like literature, fine art or architecture - are foregrounded in an attempt to situate artistic discourses within the social and political struggles of the period. Race, class and ideological conflict are given priority as tools for deconstructing complex debates, too often taken at face value or misread as merely reflexive of European phenomena. The anthropophagic movement (Antropofagia) rates special attention in teasing out the meanings of primitivism in the Brazilian context. The book examines a range of visual cultural materials including paintings, periodicals, graphics and photographs, revealing a hidden archive that calls into question the very essence of how modernism is usually perceived in Brazil. The enduring presence of archaism and violence behind an appearance of modernity reveals itself to be not an anomaly, but rather a product of the tensions inherent to the enduring oligarchical structures of Brazilian culture and society"--