A mathematically rigorous introduction to fractals, emphasizing examples and fundamental ideas while minimizing technicalities.

Constraint programming is a powerful paradigm for solving combinatorial search problems that draws on a wide range of techniques from artificial intelligence, computer science, databases, programming languages, and operations research. Constraint programming is currently applied with success to many domains, such as scheduling, planning, vehicle routing, configuration, networks, and bioinformatics.The aim of this handbook is to capture the full breadth and depth of the constraint programming field and to be encyclopedic in its scope and coverage. While there are several excellent books on constraint programming, such books necessarily focus on the main notions and techniques and cannot cover also extensions, applications, and languages. The handbook gives a reasonably complete coverage of all these lines of work, based on constraint programming, so that a reader can have a rather precise idea of the whole field and its potential. Of course each line of work is dealt with in a survey-like style, where some details may be neglected in favor of coverage. However, the extensive bibliography of each chapter will help the interested readers to find suitable sources for the missing details. Each chapter of the handbook is intended to be a self-contained survey of a topic, and is written by one or more authors who are leading researchers in the area.The intended audience of the handbook is researchers, graduate students, higher-year undergraduates and practitioners who wish to learn about the state-of-the-art in constraint programming. No prior knowledge about the field is necessary to be able to read the chapters and gather useful knowledge. Researchers from other fields should find in this handbook an effective way to learn about constraint programming and to possibly use some of the constraint programming concepts and techniques in their work, thus providing a means for a fruitful cross-fertilization among different research areas.The handbook is organized in two parts. The first part covers the basic foundations of constraint programming, including the history, the notion of constraint propagation, basic search methods, global constraints, tractability and computational complexity, and important issues in modeling a problem as a constraint problem. The second part covers constraint languages and solver, several useful extensions to the basic framework (such as interval constraints, structured domains, and distributed CSPs), and successful application areas for constraint programming.- Covers the whole field of constraint programming- Survey-style chapters- Five chapters on applications

The book Foams: Theory and Industrial Applications, written by the undersigned and three collaborators and published in 1953, is still the only monograph on liquid foam in the English language. Naturally the science of foams had advanced in the intervening years so that a practically new book had to be prepared to give justice to the present state of our know ledge. This monograph has only one author and does not deal with solid foams, fire-fighting foams, and flotation, on which information is available elsewhere. The other applications of foam and its fundamental properties are reviewed at length and, whenever possible, attempts are made to reach the truth through a maze of conflicting evidence. February 1973 J. J. BIKERMAN Contents page Preface . v 1. General. Foam Films (Sections 1-22) 1 Foam Films 5 References 30 2. Formation and Structure (Sections 23-42) 33 Dispersion Methods 33 Condensation Methods 51 Foam Structure 59 References 62 3. Measurement of Foaminess (Sections 43-62) 65 Films and Bubbles 66 Foams. 76 References 94 4. Results of Foaminess Measurements (Sections 63-84) . 98 Poorly Foaming Liquids . 98 Strongly Foaming Liquids 108 Other Systems 132 References 140 5. Three-phase Foams (Sections 85-90) 149 References 157 6. Foam Drainage (Sections 91-106) 159 Experimental Data . 173 References 181 7. Mechanical Properties of Foams (Sections 107-122) 184 References 211 8. Optical Properties of Foams (Sections 123 -127) . 214 References 222 vii viii Contents 9.

Delivers a broad, conceptual introduction to chromatic homotopy theory, focusing on contact with arithmetic and algebraic geometry.

Non-linear stochastic systems are at the center of many engineering disciplines and progress in theoretical research had led to a better understanding of non-linear phenomena. This book provides information on new fundamental results and their applications which are beginning to appear across the entire spectrum of mechanics. The outstanding points of these proceedings are Coherent compendium of the current state of modelling and analysis of non-linear stochastic systems from engineering, applied mathematics and physics point of view. Subject areas include: Multiscale phenomena, stability and bifurcations, control and estimation, computational methods and modelling. For the Engineering and Physics communities, this book will provide first-hand information on recent mathematical developments. The applied mathematics community will benefit from the modelling and information on various possible applications.