Harmonic and biharmonic boundary value problems (BVP) arising in physical situations in fluid mechanics are, in general, intractable by analytic techniques. In the last decade there has been a rapid increase in the application of integral equation techniques for the numerical solution of such problems [1,2,3]. One such method is the boundary integral equation method (BIE) which is based on Green's Formula [4] and enables one to reformulate certain BVP as integral equations. The reformulation has the effect of reducing the dimension of the problem by one. Because discretisation occurs only on the boundary in the BIE the system of equations generated by a BIE is considerably smaller than that generated by an equivalent finite difference (FD) or finite element (FE) approximation [5]. Application of the BIE in the field of fluid mechanics has in the past been limited almost entirely to the solution of harmonic problems concerning potential flows around selected geometries [3,6,7]. Little work seems to have been done on direct integral equation solution of viscous flow problems. Coleman [8] solves the biharmonic equation describing slow flow between two semi infinite parallel plates using a complex variable approach but does not consider the effects of singularities arising in the solution domain. Since the vorticity at any singularity becomes unbounded then the methods presented in [8] cannot achieve accurate results throughout the entire flow field.

In this volume, we report new results about various theories and methods of integral equation, boundary value problems for partial differential equations and functional equations, and integral operators including singular integral equations, applications of boundary value problems and integral equations to mechanics and physics, numerical methods of integral equations and boundary value problems, theories and methods for inverse problems of mathematical physics, Clifford analysis and related problems.

The present book deals with the finite-part singular integral equations, the multidimensional singular integral equations and the non-linear singular integral equations, which are currently used in many fields of engineering mechanics with applied character, like elasticity, plasticity, thermoelastoplasticity, viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, fracture mechanics, structural analysis, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics and elastodynamics. These types of singular integral equations form the latest high technology on the solution of very important problems of solid and fluid mechanics and therefore special attention should be given by the reader of the present book, who is interested for the new technology of the twentieth-one century. Chapter 1 is devoted with a historical report and an extended outline of References, for the finite-part singular integral equations, the multidimensional singular integral equations and the non-linear singular integral equations. Chapter 2 provides a finite-part singular integral representation analysis in Lp spaces and in general Hilbert spaces. In the same Chapter are investigated all possible approximation methods for the numerical evaluation of the finite-part singular integral equations, as closed form solutions for the above type of integral equations are available only in simple cases. Also, Chapter 2 provides further a generalization of the well known Sokhotski-Plemelj formulae and the Nother theorems, for the case of a finite-part singular integral equation.

As the Boundary Element Method develops into a tool of engineering analysis more effort is dedicated to studying new applications and solving different problems. This book contains chapters on the basic principles of the technique, time dependent problems, fluid mechanics, hydraulics, geomechanics and plate bending. The number of non-linear and time dependent problems which have become amenable to solution using boundary elements have induced many researchers to investigate in depth the basis of the method. Chapter 0 of this book presents an ap proach based on weighted residual and error approximations, which permits easy construction of the governing boundary integral equations. Chapter I reviews the theoretical aspects of integral equation formulations with emphasis in their mathematical aspects. The analysis of time dependent problems is presented in Chap. 2 which describes the time and space dependent integral formulation of heat conduction problems and then proposes a numerical procedure and time marching algorithm. Chapter 3 reviews the application of boundary elements for fracture mechanics analysis in the presence of thermal stresses. The chapter presents numerical results and the considerations on numerical accuracy are of interest to analysts as well as practising engineers.

As the Boundary Element Method develops into a tool of engineering analysis more effort is dedicated to studying new applications and solving different problems. This book contains chapters on the basic principles of the technique, time dependent problems, fluid mechanics, hydraulics, geomechanics and plate bending. The number of non-linear and time dependent problems which have become amenable to solution using boundary elements have induced many researchers to investigate in depth the basis of the method. Chapter 0 of this book presents an ap proach based on weighted residual and error approximations, which permits easy construction of the governing boundary integral equations. Chapter I reviews the theoretical aspects of integral equation formulations with emphasis in their mathematical aspects. The analysis of time dependent problems is presented in Chap. 2 which describes the time and space dependent integral formulation of heat conduction problems and then proposes a numerical procedure and time marching algorithm. Chapter 3 reviews the application of boundary elements for fracture mechanics analysis in the presence of thermal stresses. The chapter presents numerical results and the considerations on numerical accuracy are of interest to analysts as well as practising engineers.