This timely and authoritative set explores three centuries of good times and hard times in major economies throughout the world. More than 400 signed articles cover events from Tulipmania during the 1630s to the U.S. federal stimulus package of 2009, and introduce readers to underlying concepts, recurring themes, major institutions, and notable figures. Written in a clear, accessible style, "Booms and Busts" provides vital insight and perspective for students, teachers, librarians, and the general public - anyone interested in understanding the historical precedents, causes, and effects of the global economic crisis. Special features include a chronology of major booms and busts through history, a glossary of economic terms, a guide to further research, an appendix of primary documents, a topic finder, and a comprehensive index. It features 1,050 pages; three volumes; 8-1/2" X 11"; topic finder; photos; chronology; glossary; primary documents; bibliography; and, index.

This timely and authoritative set explores four centuries of good times and hard times in major economies throughout the world. Nearly 400 signed articles cover events from Tulipmania during the 1630s to the U.S. economic stimulus package of 2009, and introduce readers to underlying concepts, economic theories, recurring themes, major institutions, events, and notable figures.

"This three-volume set covers a broad spectrum of topics relating to the economic cycles known as booms and busts. The encyclopedia is international in scope with an emphasis on the recent U.S. financial crisis and its key players. Topics span approximately 400 years of relevant economic history and schools of thought, and this makes the set useful to those seeking both a practical and a theoretical foundation for examining the economic boom and bust cycle. It's composed of 364 signed entries presented alphabetically by subject matter, name of entity, or name of individual. The entries run between one and ten pages in length and are well written and clearly presented, though readers should be prepared for varying levels of difficulty of the subject matter and supporting text. Suggestions for further reading via books, articles, and websites follow every entry; a limited glossary is also included."--Pub. desc.

"This three-volume set covers a broad spectrum of topics relating to the economic cycles known as booms and busts. The encyclopedia is international in scope with an emphasis on the recent U.S. financial crisis and its key players. Topics span approximately 400 years of relevant economic history and schools of thought, and this makes the set useful to those seeking both a practical and a theoretical foundation for examining the economic boom and bust cycle. It's composed of 364 signed entries presented alphabetically by subject matter, name of entity, or name of individual. The entries run between one and ten pages in length and are well written and clearly presented, though readers should be prepared for varying levels of difficulty of the subject matter and supporting text. Suggestions for further reading via books, articles, and websites follow every entry; a limited glossary is also included."--Pub. desc.

From the first stock markets of Amsterdam,London, and New York to the billions of electronic commerce transactions today, privately produced and enforced economic regulations are more common, more effective, and more promising than commonly considered. In Private Governance, prominent economist Edward Stringham presents case studies of the various forms of private enforcement, self-governance, or self-regulation among private groups or individuals that fill a void that government enforcement cannot. Through analytical narratives the book provides a close examination of the world's first stock markets, key elements of which were unenforceable by law; the community of Celebration, Florida, and other private communities that show how public goods can be bundled with land and provided more effectively; and the millions of credit-card transactions that occur daily and are regulated by private governance. Private Governance ultimately argues that while potential problems of private governance, such as fraud, are pervasive, so are the solutions it presents, and that much of what is orderly in the economy can be attributed to private groups and individuals. With meticulous research, Stringham demonstrates that private governance is a far more common source of order than most people realize, and that private parties have incentives to devise different mechanisms for eliminating unwanted behavior. Private Governance documents numerous examples of private order throughout history to illustrate how private governance is more resilient to internal and external pressure than is commonly believed. Stringham discusses why private governance has economic and social advantages over relying on government regulations and laws, and explores the different mechanisms that enable private governance, including sorting, reputation, assurance, and other bonding mechanisms. Challenging and rigorously-written, Private Governance will make a compelling read for those with an interest in economics, political philosophy, and the history of current Wall Street regulations.

This timely and authoritative set explores three centuries of good times and hard times in major economies throughout the world. More than 400 signed articles cover events from Tulipmania during the 1630s to the U.S. federal stimulus package of 2009, and introduce readers to underlying concepts, recurring themes, major institutions, and notable figures. Written in a clear, accessible style, "Booms and Busts" provides vital insight and perspective for students, teachers, librarians, and the general public - anyone interested in understanding the historical precedents, causes, and effects of the global economic crisis. Special features include a chronology of major booms and busts through history, a glossary of economic terms, a guide to further research, an appendix of primary documents, a topic finder, and a comprehensive index. It features 1,050 pages; three volumes; 8-1/2" X 11"; topic finder; photos; chronology; glossary; primary documents; bibliography; and, index.

This volume is the first dedicated to the analysis of tokens ranging from the Neolithic until the modern age. The volume discusses tokens from different periods in detail, addressing the makers, users, types, and contexts of these objects. Unpublished material is presented in several of the contributions. This comparative approach reveals the recurring characteristics of tokens across time, as well as their importance to human society.