First Published in 1992. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

They arrived in Archangel in the autumn of 1917 together with the Arctic winter and the chaos of the revolution, which soon descended into bloody civil war. How they fared and how they struggled to return to Britain is the story of War or Revolution."--Jacket.

First Published in 1992. Perhaps two-thirds of present-day British Jewry can trace their origin to lands which now form part of the Soviet Union and which, 80 years ago, belonged to the Empire of the Tsars. Little research has been done to set the Jewish immigration into the context of Anglo-Russian relations and to assess the political and diplomatic implications of the domestic Jewish factor.] It is hoped that the present book will go some way to filling that gap. The work is offered as a contribution not only to Jewish history, but also to the history of Anglo-Soviet relations. Its appearance is timely, coinciding with radical changes taking place within Russia and the Soviet Union today which may well mark a turning point in their political history.

The book focuses on Britain during the First World War and the immediate post-war period, and examines the use of biblical imagery with regard to representations of the nation and its perceived enemies. The study is constructed around four rhetorical themes: 'crusade', 'conversion', 'crucifixion' and 'apocalypse', and traces these through a wide variety of texts, including public lectures, sermons, press articles, political speeches and memoirs, pre-millennialist writings, cartoons, plays, poetry and popular fiction. The central argument is that in the context of rhetorically constructed 'Christian warfare', religious language took on political significance, and old allegations against Jews began to recirculate. The study examines the religious, political and sexual fears associated by Christians with Jews during and after the war, and discusses the ways in which Anglo-Jewish writers, including G. B. Stern, Gilbert Frankau and Isaac Rosenberg, responded to these developments.

In post-1917 Russian and Yiddish literature, films, and reportage, Sasha Senderovich finds a new cultural figure: the Soviet Jew. Suddenly mobile after more than a century of restrictions under the tsars, Jewish authors created characters who traversed space and history, carrying with them the dislodged practices and archetypes of a lost world.

In the early hours of 22 June 1941 units of the Wehrmacht began to pour into the Soviet Union. They were embarking on an undertaking long planned by Adolf Hitler. Since the 1920s National Socialist doctrine had largely been determined by an intense hatred and hostility towards not only the Jews but also towards Bolshevism. This ideology, Lorna Waddington argues, had been identified by Hitler and his acolytes as the political poison concocted by the Jews in an attempt to impose, as he saw it, their own tyrannical domination across the globe. This impressively researched book provides a sustained and detailed analysis of this crucial dimension to Hitler's Weltanschauung, exploring several new avenues, including the little-known activities of the Antikomintern, as well as offering fresh interpretations and new insights on well-documented events. Engaging a wide range of archival sources and supported by a voluminous secondary literature Waddington charts the origins and development of Hitler's crusade against international Bolshevism from his earliest political activities until deep into the Second World War. Focussing on the function of anti-Bolshevism in Nazi ideology, foreign policy and external propaganda, Waddington traces the links inferred by Hitler between the purported forces of 'World Jewry' and revolutionary socialism. She explains why by the mid-1920s anti-Bolshevism had become a central tenet of Nazi ideology and examines the nature and function of anti-Bolshevism as manifested in German external propaganda. We discover how, despite the shifting sands of international diplomacy, Hitler's foreign policy throughout the 1930s and early 1940s remained firmly fixed on the eventual destruction and spoliation of the USSR, the avowed ideological enemy and the epicentre of supposed 'Jewish Bolshevism'. 'Hitler's Crusade' provides the definitive analysis of Hitler's attitude towards Bolshevism, the destruction of which he was still describing in early 1945 as the raison d'être of the Nazi movement.