Birth of two Nations: the Republic of China and the Peoples Republic of China is a historical account how the Republic of China is formally established in 1911 after a bloody struggle that destroyed the Qing Dynasty and once and for all broke the thousands years traditional dynasty cycle. The ensuing events that led to the Peoples Republic of China as it is formally established in 1949. However, the book is more than chronological accounts. For history cannot come in a social vacuum. Factors including historical, cultural, political, and socio-economical that impact and shape the development must be taken into account to enable the readers to have a better understanding of the development. This book, therefore, explores and interprets sociologically, economically, politically, and historically from the embryonic stage to the full birth of the two nations in account of these factors and the ensuing years. The external forces and pressures, particularly from that of the Japanese aggressors, let to internal discord between the Guomindang (Nationalist Party) and the Kungchandang (Communist Party) and the civil war with great suffering by the people. The book attempts to detail the inter-relatedness of these factors with documentations and my personal and my family experience in the developmental years. My mother in particular shared with me, when I was old enough, perhaps five or old, how we survived the hardship and suffering during those years of bitter of conflict between the warlords of the Guangdong Province and Guangxi Province. Our village in the Guangning County, Guangdong Provincce situated in the border of the two provinces we took the beating first from the Guangxi warlord. I grew up during the eight years war of resistance against the Japanese aggression. Some historians considered the war to be a fourteen years war. It probably depends on which event was considered the starting point since there were so many pretexts and aggressions launched by the Japanese against China. We almost died of starvation, surviving only on sweet potatoes, weeds, and locust. My elder brothers were very bitter for they lost their chance to get an education and destined laborers for life. Personal as it may be, however, it is by no means unique. Chinese people of my cohort, 70 plus, who were in China during those years would be able to collaborate and even share familiar experience of mine and of my family. The book does not attempt to be a scientific account of the development. I tried to be as objective as I can for I am open to scrutinize by my cohort and historians. Data of the book come primarily from personal observation in the normal course of daily life and interviews, oral history from older Chinese who experienced and witnessed the development constituted a significant part of the study. Reviews and critical analysis of available data in English and Chinese related to the development. It is a crystallization of available data, particularly the oral history that should be preserved for posterity. Other sources I gratefully acknowledged. I regret and apologize for any inadvertent omission. I am specially grateful to my next door neighbor who is close to 90 years old came to the United States as a paper son worked in his fathers restaurant for a number of years. He later joined the U.S. Air Force and became a Staff Sergeant served in WWII and stationed in Kunming, China. Because his ability to speak Chinese and English, he played a significant role between the two governments China and the United States. He often commuted, in U.S. Air Force transportation between Kunming and Chongqing, the Chinese wartime capital. He recalled his experience of those years and provided me with his valuable insight of the two worlds. I am grateful to my long-time friend, Mr. Louis Lau, for his moral and sponsorship in making this research and endeavor possible. His encouragement provided me with the strength and a willingness to make sacrif

Despite apparently consistent statements in 4 decades, the U.S. ¿one China¿ policy concerning Taiwan remains somewhat ambiguous and subject to different interpretations. Apart from questions about what the ¿one China¿ policy entails, issues have arisen about whether U.S. Presidents have stated clear positions and have changed or should change policy, affecting U.S. interests in security and democracy. Contents of this report: (1) U.S. Policy on ¿One China¿: Has U.S. Policy Changed?; Overview of Policy Issues; (2) Highlights of Key Statements by Washington, Beijing, and Taipei: Statements During the Admin. of Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Clinton, George W. Bush, Clinton, and Obama. A print on demand report.

As Hong Kong is integrated into the People’s Republic of China, ever fewer people in the city identify as Chinese. Two Systems, Two Countries explains why. Two Systems, Two Countries traces the origins of Hong Kong nationalism and introduces readers to its main schools of thought: city-state theory, self-determination, independence, and returnism. The idea of Hong Kong independence, Kevin Carrico shows, is more than just a provocation testing Beijing’s red lines: it represents a collective awakening to the failure of One Country Two Systems and the need to transcend obsolete orthodoxies. With a conclusion that examines Hong Kong nationalism’s influence on the 2019 protest movement, Two Systems, Two Countries is an engaging and accessible introduction to the tumultuous shifts in Hong Kong politics and identity over the past decade.

How did ordinary people live through the extraordinary changes that have swept across modern China? How did peasants transform themselves into urbanites? How did the citizens of Shanghai cope with the epic upheavals—revolution, war, and again revolution—that shook their lives? Even after decades of scholarship devoted to modern Chinese history, our understanding of the daily lives of the common people of China remains sketchy and incomplete. In this carefully researched study, Hanchao Lu weaves rich documentary data with ethnographic surveys and interviews to reconstruct the fabric of everyday life in China's largest and most complex city in the first half of this century.

While Americans are generally aware of China's ambitions as a global economic and military superpower, few understand just how deeply and assertively that country has already sought to influence American society. As the authors of this volume write, it is time for a wake-up call. In documenting the extent of Beijing's expanding influence operations inside the United States, they aim to raise awareness of China's efforts to penetrate and sway a range of American institutions: state and local governments, academic institutions, think tanks, media, and businesses. And they highlight other aspects of the propagandistic “discourse war” waged by the Chinese government and Communist Party leaders that are less expected and more alarming, such as their view of Chinese Americans as members of a worldwide Chinese diaspora that owes undefined allegiance to the so-called Motherland.Featuring ideas and policy proposals from leading China specialists, China's Influence and American Interests argues that a successful future relationship requires a rebalancing toward greater transparency, reciprocity, and fairness. Throughout, the authors also strongly state the importance of avoiding casting aspersions on Chinese and on Chinese Americans, who constitute a vital portion of American society. But if the United States is to fare well in this increasingly adversarial relationship with China, Americans must have a far better sense of that country's ambitions and methods than they do now.

Studies China's "Ethnic classification project" (minzu shibie) of 1954, conducted in Yunnan province.

For more than a century, no US adversary or coalition of adversaries - not Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, or the Soviet Union - has ever reached sixty percent of US GDP. China is the sole exception, and it is fast emerging into a global superpower that could rival, if not eclipse, the United States. What does China want, does it have a grand strategy to achieve it, and what should the United States do about it? In The Long Game, Rush Doshi draws from a rich base of Chinese primary sources, including decades worth of party documents, leaked materials, memoirs by party leaders, and a careful analysis of China's conduct to provide a history of China's grand strategy since the end of the Cold War. Taking readers behind the Party's closed doors, he uncovers Beijing's long, methodical game to displace America from its hegemonic position in both the East Asia regional and global orders through three sequential "strategies of displacement." Beginning in the 1980s, China focused for two decades on "hiding capabilities and biding time." After the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, it became more assertive regionally, following a policy of "actively accomplishing something." Finally, in the aftermath populist elections of 2016, China shifted to an even more aggressive strategy for undermining US hegemony, adopting the phrase "great changes unseen in century." After charting how China's long game has evolved, Doshi offers a comprehensive yet asymmetric plan for an effective US response. Ironically, his proposed approach takes a page from Beijing's own strategic playbook to undermine China's ambitions and strengthen American order without competing dollar-for-dollar, ship-for-ship, or loan-for-loan.