Birds have significant roles in the Ramayana. The epic progresses because of birds at crucial moments, such as the abduction of Sita by Ravana. Jatayu, Sampati and Garuda are vital for our receiving the Ramayana as it is now available to us. Were the two vulture-brothers, Sampati and Jatayu indeed vultures? Or, were they a superior race of warriors who had vultures as their totems? Krauncha, the crane in distress at the death of its beloved companion, provides the reason for the Ramayana being written. What is regarded as the first Ramayana is the rendition of the Ramayana by Kakabhushundi the sage-crow.The natural history of these five birds, Kakabhushundi, Krauncha, Jatayu, Sampati and Garuda is enlarged by their presence and roles within the Ramayana. Discover their stories anew with this collection of essays about the Birds of the Ramayan

Exiled from his homeland, Prince Rama must brave through an odyssey in search of his wife, Princess Sita. She's been captured by a demon that Rama must overcome before taking his place as the rightful ruler. A dramatic tale of love, abduction and battle will play out in a world thronged by heroes, deities and demons. The timeless Ramayana has thrilled readers and listeners since the fourth century B.C.

This translation originally published: 1976.

The Original Ramayana Was Written Three Thousand Years Ago. Now, With Breathtaking Imagination And Brilliant Storytelling, Ashok K. Banker Has Recreated This Epic Tale For Modern Readers Everywhere. Rama, Soon To Be King Of Ayodhya, Crosses The Ocean To Wage His War Of Dharma Against The Rakshasa Forces Of The Demonlord Ravana. The Valiant Vanars And Bears Suffer Huge Losses When Ravana Unleashes His Iniquitous Sorcery On Them, Destroying Tens Of Thousands Of Rama'S Loyal Soldiers. Despite The Formidable Odds They Fight On Even As The Warfare Spirals Into A Maelstrom Of Unimaginable Carnage And Brutality. And Then, Ravana Does The Unthinkable. Hovering Over The Battlefield In His Flying Vehicle He Executes Sita In Full Public View, Right Before Rama'S Unbelieving Eyes. Rama'S Grief And Rage Know No Bounds And On This Cataclysmic Day He Finally Draws Upon His Ultimate Reservoir Of Brahman Shakti. Invoking The All-Powerful Dev-Astras, The Bow Of Vishnu And The Arrow Of Shiva, He Prepares For A Reckoning And A Victory Like No Other . . .

Expand your bird knowledge with this gorgeous encyclopedia of nearly 400 bird species around the world, unique for its inclusion of both their physical and mythological characteristics. If you’re a nature lover who thrives on bird videos and photography, go beyond the scope of standard field guides with this comprehensive reference. Each entry of The Complete Language of Birds provides not only the bird’s name and physical qualities, but also its history, symbolic meanings, and hidden properties from mythology, legends, and folklore. Within the pages of this colorful volume, you’ll find: Beautiful illustrations and descriptions of common and unusual birds Notes on the surprising properties and powers of birds Discussions of the symbolism and mythological significance of each bird species Dive into an unusual dimension of historical and arcane knowledge with the study of birds. A collection of fun and interesting facts about birds gathered from science and culture, the stunning illustrations and lively descriptions make this an engaging guide you’ll return to again and again. Elegantly designed and beautifully illustrated, the Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia series offers comprehensive, display-worthy references on a range of intriguing topics, including dream interpretation, techniques for harnessing the power of dreams, flower meanings, and the stories behind signs and symbols. Also available in the series: Complete Book of Dreams, Complete Language of Flowers, Complete Language of Herbs, Signs & Symbols of the World, Complete Guide to Astrological Self-Care, and Complete Language of Food.

The Kakawin Ramayana, arguably the oldest Old Javanese epic text in Indic metres (circa 9th century AD), holds a unique position in the literary heritage of Indonesia. The poem has retained a remarkable vitality through the centuries in the Archipelago, inspiring many forms of artistic expression not only in the domain of literature but also in the visual and performing arts, from the reliefs of the majestic Central Javanese temples to modern puppet-show performances. Displaying a virtuoso array of metrical patterns, the Kakawin Ramayana is among the very few Old Javanese texts for which a specific Sanskrit prototype has been identified, namely the difficult poem Bhattikavya (circa 7th century AD), itself a version of the great Ramayana epic ascribed to Valmiki (circa 6th–1st century BC). The Old Javanese poem is an original and skillful work of re-elaboration that documents a fascinating interaction between cultural elements of the Sanskritic tradition with those indigenous to the Javanese setting. The studies included in this volume, written by experts in a wide range of disciplines, focus on disparate aspects of the Kakawin Ramayana and the constellation of cultural phenomena revolving around it, providing the reader with a key to the understanding of the rich Old Javanese textual heritage and the transcultural intellectual dynamics that contributed to shaping the cultural heritage of Indonesia up to the present. With contributions from Andrea Acri, Helen Creese, Arlo Griffiths, Thomas Hunter, Roy Jordaan, Lydia Kieven, Cecelia Levin, Wesley Michel, Stuart Robson and Adrian Vickers, this book is the result of a workshop held at the KITLV branch in Jakarta on May 26th–28th 2009 and supported by the Australia-Netherlands Research Collaboration, the École Française d’Extrême-Orient, and the Stichting J. Gonda Fonds.

One of India’s greatest epics, the Ramayana pervades the country’s moral and cultural consciousness. For generations it has served as a bedtime story for Indian children, while at the same time engaging the interest of philosophers and theologians. Believed to have been composed by Valmiki sometime between the eighth and sixth centuries BCE, the Ramayana tells the tragic and magical story of Rama, the prince of Ayodhya, an incarnation of Lord Visnu, born to rid the earth of the terrible demon Ravana. An idealized heroic tale ending with the inevitable triumph of good over evil, the Ramayana is also an intensely personal story of family relationships, love and loss, duty and honor, of harem intrigue, petty jealousies, and destructive ambitions. All this played out in a universe populated by larger-than-life humans, gods and celestial beings, wondrous animals and terrifying demons. With her magnificent translation and superb introduction, Arshia Sattar has successfully bridged both time and space to bring this ancient classic to modern English readers.