An academic work, this volume examines patent and intellectual property laws with reference to the biotechnical industries in both Europe and the United States.

Fewer than 11% of CBD Parties have adopted substantive ABS law, and nearly all of these are developing countries, focusing almost entirely on the 'access' side of the equation. Most of the CBD's specific ABS obligations, however, relate to the other side of the equation-benefit sharing. This book considers the full range of ABS obligations, and how existing tools in user countries' national law can be used to achieve the CBD's third objective. It examines the laws of those user countries which have either declared that their ABS obligations are satisfied by existing national law, or have begun legislative development; the requirements, weaknesses and gaps in achieving benefit-sharing objectives; and the ways in which new or existing legal tools can be applied to these requirements.

Biocontrol is among the most promising methods for a safe, environmentally benign and sustainable pest control. Microbial pesticides offer a great potential, and it is anticipated that they will become a substantial part of the use of all crop protection products. Their development and commercialization, however, has been difficult and with many failures. In this book a rational and structured roadmap has been designed for the development and commercialization of microbial pest control products for the control of arthropod pests. The building blocks of the entire process are identified and essential aspects highlighted. Biopesticides based on entomopathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses and nematodes are elaborately discussed. This systematic roadmap with a strong focus on economics and market introduction will assist academic researchers and industrial developers of biopesticides in accomplishing their goal: the development of successful cost-effective microbial pesticides.

This collection explores this balance and the extent to which human rights standards can influence the interpretation of IP norms, for example in defining the scope of IPRs."--BOOK JACKET.

Life science inventions - this question not only challenges patent law, but also involves other disciplines of law closely connected to patent law. Lately, patent rights to life science inventions have been in focus in the debate. However, several related legal issues in the complex content of research and development of pharmaceuticals, and the following commercialization of these drugs, challenge the law. By examining the various aspects of inventions in this field, the author shows the complexity and develops a comprehensive understanding of legal issues affecting the players in the life sciences field. The text explores modern patent law issues with a focus on the patentability of stem cells and research tools in Europe and the U.S. The book then adds an understanding of ethics within the European patent law and the access issues surrounding these kinds of inventions. Other questions include the unfair competition and antitrust claims that recently have come into play in this context and ownership of biological material. The book ends with the various aspects surrounding market authorization with respect to infringement and unfair competition and sums up with a comprehensive analysis of the stem cell and research tool issues.