This volume is fifth part of the five-part set on bioenergy research. This edited volume provides sustainable solution for all existing roadblocks in commercial bioenergy production. The book focuses on different types of obstacles involved in various bioenergy operations with detail remedy of the issue in a sustainable way. In spite of having number of potential advantages, all available bioenergy options are still far from smooth practical applicability, due to which they are still in pipeline phase to replace the fossil fuels. This book brings together the integrative approach to the readers, to connect with more viable bioenergy type on commercial scale, the existing issues and the feasible approaches to eliminate the bottlenecks in the process. Further, the book also uncovers the untouched area of bioenergy production technology by bringing forth unconventional methods, processes and parameters, which have scope to enhance biofuel production technology by “Lab to Land” methods. The book highlights aspect which are less studied or are very new in their industrial application of bioenergy production. The book presents relevant reading material for global researchers, academic institutions, research students, teachers, scientist as well as industries. Other four volumes of this set explore basic concepts, latest progress, commercial opportunities and bio-waste to energy conversion.

This volume is fifth part of the five-part set on bioenergy research. This edited volume provides sustainable solution for all existing roadblocks in commercial bioenergy production. The book focuses on different types of obstacles involved in various bioenergy operations with detail remedy of the issue in a sustainable way. In spite of having number of potential advantages, all available bioenergy options are still far from smooth practical applicability, due to which they are still in pipeline phase to replace the fossil fuels. This book brings together the integrative approach to the readers, to connect with more viable bioenergy type on commercial scale, the existing issues and the feasible approaches to eliminate the bottlenecks in the process. Further, the book also uncovers the untouched area of bioenergy production technology by bringing forth unconventional methods, processes and parameters, which have scope to enhance biofuel production technology by “Lab to Land” methods. The book highlights aspect which are less studied or are very new in their industrial application of bioenergy production. The book presents relevant reading material for global researchers, academic institutions, research students, teachers, scientist as well as industries. Other four volumes of this set explore basic concepts, latest progress, commercial opportunities and bio-waste to energy conversion.

This book provides an exclusive and critical in-depth analysis of paddy straw waste valorization at a broad scale for different industrial applications. It explores and discusses the various valorization pathways of paddy straw into valuable products connected to biorefineries' products and byproducts. The book also examines the scope, potential, and availability of paddy straw in the field of biorefineries. Various lignocellulosic biomasses with expanded potential are known for their industrial applications, even at a broad pilot range. Among these biomasses, paddy straw has emerged as the most suitable lignocellulosic waste for various biorefinery applications. Paddy is a crucial and widely consumed crop globally, and it generates the highest annual production of waste compared to other cereal crops. The cellulose content, accounting for approximately 47% of the total cellulosic biomass, offers significant potential for valorization, along with hemicellulose and lignin, which can also be explored and expanded on an industrial scale. However, despite the tremendous scope for valorization, lignocellulosic biomass-based biorefineries face cost-effectiveness challenges that need to be addressed for sustainable and uniform expansion, distribution, and economic scalability in various applications. The book's specific feature lies in its targeted and specific valorization of paddy straw into biofuels and other biorefinery-based products, which hold promising industrial applications and easily scalable approaches for mass production. This book is an essential resource for students, scientists, engineers and practitioners working in the biorefinery industry and academia.

Today there are over a billion vehicles in the world, and within twenty years, the number will double, largely a consequence of China's and India's explosive growth. Given that greenhouse gases are already creating havoc with our climate and that violent conflict in unstable oil-rich nations is on the rise, will matters only get worse? Or are there hopeful signs that effective, realistic solutions can be found? Blending a concise history of cars and their impact on the world, leading transportation experts Daniel Sperling and Deborah Gordon explain how we arrived at this state, and what we can do about it. Sperling and Gordon assign blame squarely where it belongs-on the auto-industry, short-sighted government policies, and consumers. They explore such solutions as getting beyond the gas-guzzler monoculture, re-inventing cars, searching for low-carbon fuels, and more. Promising advances in both transportation technology and fuel efficiency together with shifts in traveler behavior, they suggest, offer us a way out of our predicament. The authors conclude that the two places that have the most troublesome emissions problems--California and China--are the most likely to become world leaders on these issues. Arnold Schwarzenegger's enlightened embrace of eco-friendly fuel policies, which he discusses in the foreword, and China's forthright recognition that it needs far-reaching environmental and energy policies, suggest that if they can tackle the issue effectively and honestly, then there really is reason for hope. Updated with a new afterword that sheds light on the profound changes in the global economy in the last year, Two Billion Cars makes the case for why and how we need to transform transportation now more than ever. "Authoritatively prescriptive." --Tom Vanderbilt, Wilson Quarterly "Provocative and pleasurable, far-seeing and refreshing, fact-based and yet a page-turner, global in scope but rooted in real places. The authors make a convincing case that smart consumers driving smart electric-drive cars can find the critical path to a safer planet." --Robert Socolow, Princeton University "In this insightful and persuasive book, Sperling and Gordon highlight one of the biggest environmental challenges of this century: two billion cars. They rightly contend that we cannot avert the worst of global warming without making our cars cleaner and petroleum-free. Luckily the authors also offer a roadmap for navigating this problem that is both visionary and achievable." --Frances Beinecke, President, Natural Resources Defense Council

Bioethanol is one of the main biofuels currently used as a petroleum-substitute in transport applications. However, conflicts over food supply and land use have made its production and utilisation a controversial topic. Second generation bioalcohol production technology, based on (bio)chemical conversion of non-food lignocellulose, offers potential advantages over existing, energy-intensive bioethanol production processes. Food vs. fuel pressures may be reduced by utilising a wider range of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, including energy crops, cellulosic residues, and, particularly, wastes.Bioalcohol production covers the process engineering, technology, modelling and integration of the entire production chain for second generation bioalcohol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Primarily reviewing bioethanol production, the book's coverage extends to the production of longer-chain bioalcohols which will be elemental to the future of the industry.Part one reviews the key features and processes involved in the pretreatment and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioalcohol production, including hydrothermal and thermochemical pretreatment, and fractionation to separate out valuable process feedstocks. Part two covers the hydrolysis (saccharification) processes applicable to pretreated feedstocks. This includes both acid and enzymatic approaches and also importantly covers the development of particular enzymes to improve this conversion step. This coverage is extended in Part three, with chapters reviewing integrated hydrolysis and fermentation processes, and fermentation and co-fermentation challenges of lignocellulose-derived sugars, as well as separation and purification processes for bioalcohol extraction.Part four examines the analysis, monitoring and modelling approaches relating to process and quality control in the pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation steps of lignocellulose-to-bioalcohol production. Finally, Part five discusses the life-cycle assessment of lignocellulose-to-bioalcohol production, as well as the production of valuable chemicals and longer-chain alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass.With its distinguished international team of contributors, Bioalcohol production is a standard reference for fuel engineers, industrial chemists and biochemists, plant scientists and researchers in this area. - Provides an overview of the life-cycle assessment of lignocelluloses-to-bioalcohol production - Reviews the key features and processes involved in the pre-treatment and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioalcohol production - Examines the analysis, monitoring and modelling approaches relating to process and quality control in pre-treatment, hydrolysis and fermentation

This book offers comprehensive coverage of the design, analysis, and operational aspects of biomass gasification, the key technology enabling the production of biofuels from all viable sources--some examples being sugar cane and switchgrass. This versatile resource not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of biomass gasifiers. The author provides many worked out design problems, step-by-step design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. After fossil fuels, biomass is the most widely used fuel in the world. Biomass resources show a considerable potential in the long term if residues are properly handled and dedicated energy crops are grown. Includes step-by-step design procedures and case studies for Biomass GasificationProvides worked process flow diagrams for gasifier design. Covers integration with other technologies (e.g. gas turbine, engine, fuel cells)