Historical knowledge could be a guide to understand the present and shape our future also. An important aspect of this book is to critically analyze the culture of Odisha. This book is to outline the emergence of Islam and its role on various aspects of Odishan way of life, of course, Odisha has been home of different tradition and customs from generation. With the entry of Islam, there were noticeable changes occurred in Odishan society, religion, historiography, art, architecture, painting, language, maritime trade and commercial intercourse. The culture of Odisha is full of continuity and enrichments. The history of Odisha during the post-Islamic involvement is a portrayal of reconciliation between the Hindus and the Muslims on various field. ln this book eighteen chapters have been dealt which are culturally associate with odisha. The cultural fusion of Odisha has been critically emphasized here.

Science is in human mind since the very existence of human being. Its knowledge grows with the growth of the human wants, as human wants are unlimited, so as the inventions of science. It justifies the saying that “necessity is the mother of invention”. It is also true that all the sects, communities and tribes of this world are leading their lives somehow scientifically. The sects or communities, whose necessities and expectations are more, their scientific knowledge is more and whose necessity is limited, their scientific knowledge is also limited. Tribes are the indigenous people and they have some indigenous knowledge of science and technology in their daily life. Presence of science is not only noticed in the modern Laboratories and modern industries but also in our daily lives.To know something is ‘Gyan’ (knowledge) and to achieve something is ‘Vigyan’ (Science). For example: to know the presence of ghee in the milk is Gyan, to know the process (technique) how to prepare ghee from milk is Vigyan/Vidya (science/scientific knowledge) and application of this process (scientific knowledge) to the practical aims of ghee preparation is technology. This book contains some aspects of tribal science and technological knowledge.

Consisting of plurality of religions and cultures, Orissa has been the home of different traditions. It presents reconciliation, mutual exchange and peaceful co-existence. The advent of Islam in Orissa led to further changes in the socio-cultural fabric of Orissan society. Tracing the advent and spread of Islam in Orissa, this book makes a comprehensive study of its impact on various aspects of Orissan society-religion, social set-up, literature, art and architecture, and economy. The role of Sufi saints and Bhakti poets towards creating harmonious relations between Hindus and Muslims has also been examined.

Disruptive Business Strategies (DBS) that have reshaped many industries. Uber's use of new technologies allowed it to create a new business model for urban transportation, while Airbnb used online technologies to create a new market for short-term rentals. Both new technologies and new business strategies are changing our world.

This volume contains the papers presented at the Second International Conference on Frontiers in Intelligent Computing: Theory and Applications (FICTA-2013) held during 14-16 November 2013 organized by Bhubaneswar Engineering College (BEC), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. It contains 63 papers focusing on application of intelligent techniques which includes evolutionary computation techniques like genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization techniques, teaching-learning based optimization etc for various engineering applications such as data mining, Fuzzy systems, Machine Intelligence and ANN, Web technologies and Multimedia applications and Intelligent computing and Networking etc.