Being a gringo in Brazil is terrific! Are you planning on visiting or working in Brazil? Becoming Brazilian will guide you through the intricacy of Brazilian culture and give you a deeper understanding of the country. Brazilians are a warm and optimistic people, who welcome foreigners. This book will help you interact with Brazilians to make your visit more memorable or your business trip more productive. The first part of the book covers cross cultural differences that will aid the reader to navigate both social and business interactions. Brazil is a rich mix of cultures and regions. This book explains the regional differences in Brazil though its celebrations, beliefs, customs, and gastronomy. Becoming Brazilian focuses on the history and themes of major topics of Brazilian life. Brazil is the only country in the western hemisphere to have been united under a monarchy. Today's major issues in Brazil are rooted in this unique history. Becoming Brazilian is not a tour guide nor a travel guide. Becoming Brazilian is a guide for living and interacting with Brazilians to give the reader a deeper experience during their time in this great country.

Peatlands are transition ecosystems between terrestrial and aquatic environments, formed by the accumulation in time and space of plant tissues under conditions of excessive humidity, low nutrient availability, low pH and oxygen scarcity, where organic matter undergoes slow humification processes. The peatland ecosystems of the Southern Espinhaço Mountain Range, located in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were formed by the sui generis combination of environmental factors, source of its great biodiversity, endemic and peculiar. For thousands of years these ecosystems have been developing, preserving proxies for environmental reconstitution, sequestering more and more carbon and increasing their capacity to store water ("sponge effect") and regulate the flow of water courses. Environmental reconstitution studies carried out in these ecosystems have evidenced several regional paleoclimatic changes in the last 35 thousand years. The stock of sequestered carbon is 4,877,840 tons and 142,138,262 m3 of water are stored in 14,288 ha of these peatlands. These ecosystems constitute the headwaters of rivers in the most important basins in eastern Brazil: the São Francisco, Jequitinhonha and Doce river basins and regulate their flow during the dry period of the year. However, peatlands located outside protected areas are threatened by anthropization. The Long-Term Ecological Research Program "Peatlands of the Southern Espinhaço Mountain Range: ecosystem services and biodiversity" – PELD TURF (fund: CNPq and FAPEMIG), started in 2021, intensified the characterization and monitoring of the biodiversity and ecosystem services of these peatlands. The results of two decades of research revealed the importance of these ecosystems for biodiversity, for the global carbon cycle, for regional water resources and for paleoenvironmental reconstitution. It was also evident that the rapid degradation of these ecosystems, caused mainly by anthropization, can irreversibly compromise, in the medium term, their ecosystem services, biodiversity and paleoenvironmental reconstitution studies. Thus, it is urgent to empower local and regional communities about the importance of peatland ecosystems both for the environment, for the socio-economy and for the quality of life of their populations, as well as for the planet.

This book is the result of a collective re¬flection among scholars from 8 federations and decentralized countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Ethiopia, Germany, Italy, Mexico) who sought to update approaches and arguments on federalism in a post-COVID-19 scenario. On one hand, the pandemic highlighted the importance of federalism to deal with complex intergovernmental problems. On the other hand, federations also faced challenges to coordinate different spheres of government. The pandemic has allowed intense learning about the potential and limits of multilevel governance and federal arrangements in addressing emergencies and crises whose effects spread throughout the country. Regarding contemporary challenges such as climate emergency and democratic backsliding, which take on particular contours in federal, quasi-federal, and decentralized countries, the book offers insightful thoughts for scholars and practitioners. Federalism and federal countries can be pivotal in this debate due to their form of territorial division of power. This volume seeks to contribute to these discussions based on thoughts grounded on different national settings. The volume is organized in 16 chapters that contemplate essential topics on federalism and federations, based both on theoretical refl¬ections and empirical research. The chapters were mainly organized to offer for the authors a comparative perspective between the international debate and the Brazilian context. The book covers central issues such as federalism and institutional forms, federalism and democracy, federalism and de/centralization, managing interdependences and intergovernmental relations, federalism and ethnic diversity and federalism and challenges for the welfare state. Although this book is subject to the scrutiny of time, in line with changes in federations themselves, both organizers and authors aspire to provide ongoing debates with insightful contributions on Federalism and Democracy in Brazil and Beyond. This book is an essential reading for students and scholars of federalism, intergovernmental relations, multilevel governance and comparative politics.

Age of first exposure to the target language has been shown to be a strong predictor of phonological attainment (e.g., Pullen, 2012; Piske et al., 2001 & Moyer, 1999). Results from these studies support the Critical Period Hypothesis, that is, the notion that there is a neurological period, ending at the onset of puberty, beyond which mastery of a second language is no longer achievable (Lenneberg, 1967). The prominence of the Critical Period Hypothesis in the field of Applied Linguistics has diminished the impact of research on socio-psychological differences in second language acquisition. A neurologically based component such as age of learning onset is not, however, the single determining factor of second language ability. Little is known about the influence of socio-psychological factors on pronunciation performance. This book attempts to bridge this gap in the literature by examining the effects of beliefs about second language pronunciation on phonological performance. The book concludes that certain beliefs associated with affective factors appear to be detrimental to L2 phonological attainment.

Revise for Cambridge University Certificates of English: A 500-Hundered Key Work Transformation Revision: (for First B2, Advanced C1 & Proficiency C2) Are you a candidate for one of Cambridge Exams above? In this book, you will find: * 150 Key Word Transformation sentences for First (B2); * 175 KWT sentences for Advanced (C1) & * 175 KWT sentences for Proficiency (C2). Ideal to brush up on your English a few days before sitting the official exam, by refreshing strategies to deal effectively with this section of the paper "Use of English".  Answer key to all of the TKT sentences, plus explanatory NOTES on:  (-near) synonyms and (near-) antonyms  word formation  collocation  and other relevant aspects of the English language. The book concludes with 10 Language Boosters and a Word List: 1 – Advanced Vocabulary for Michigan ECPE, Toefl and Ielts 2 – Phrasal Verbs (Upper, Advanced and Proficiency) 3 – Idioms (by themes) 4 – Binomials (collocation) 5 – Dependent Prepositions (nouns and adjectives) 6 – Dependent Prepositions (verbs) 7 – Do or Make? (Collocation) 8 – Rare English Words 9 – Similar Expressions in English and Portuguese 10 – False (and True) Friends (Cognates) 11 – Word List (Extra Vocabulary from Answer Key)

To begin, I gratefully acknowledge the support of Appris Editor for accepting the project for an E-Book, and of IAMCR – International Association for Media and Communication Research - for the Fund to Claudia Lambach, PhD, whose Post-Doctorate Project includes the organization of the E-Book and two Dossiers with FAMECOS Journal, plus two Workshops for IAMCR Conference 2023- LYON, France, online (June 26 to September 12) and face-to-face (July 9 to 13), one in Pre-Conference and another in Post-Conference. IAMCR Conference 2023 will be in LYON, France, online (June 26 to July 5) and face-to-face (July 9 to 13). On behalf of IAMCR VIC-Visual Culture Working Group- I, Denize Araujo, PhD, thank Thomas Wiedemann, PhD, Vice-Chair and Curator of VIC CineClub, who selected five French films open for discussion, and also Roger Odin, PhD, Guest of Honor of this session of VIC CineClub, who sent comments about the film Muriel (Resnais, 1963). The E-Book Cinema/Cinéma Français/Cine Francés is VIC ́s proposal as an homage to Lyon, birth of cinéma and site of IAMCR Conference 2023. Appris Editor is the publisher and the publication counts with an International Scientific Committee and texts by researchers from eight countries, in the three official IAMCR idioms: English, French and Spanish, including Roger Odin ́s comments about the film Muriel (Resnais, 1963). The dates for the two sessions of the Workshop with the E-book authors are June 3 and 10 and the launch of it will be in Lyon, during IAMCR 2023 Conference online, from July 9 to 13. Trying to develop a multilevel dialog among the texts, I selected them according to their specific related themes and created three clusters: "filmmakers and their works"; "comparative film analyses"; and "interchanges between two countries". Four authors are included in the first cluster for sharing the same themes, two of them for discussing corporality and two for their focus on cinéma history and silent movies. Two authors share the second cluster for developing comparative analyses and three authors belong to the third cluster presenting interchanges between two countries.

In less than 60 pages, the authors summarize and analyze 90 years of Brazilian environmental laws and policies. They select the most important norms and policies, examine their origins, and evaluate their goals and effectiveness, besides looking into the agencies in charge of their enforcement or execution. The text works both as an introduction to this complex field and as a broad and seasoned account that will interest experts. Drummond, Capelari and Platiau have studied these matters for decades. They have tried to pull together their findings and insights and present them in this compact, user-friendly text.