This paper takes stock of external audit arrangements at central banks. Its focus is on the annual audit of central bank financial statements, as well as legal and institutional measures that support audit quality and independence. The paper outlines good practices in these areas and provides a summary of actual practices observed based on a review of audited financial statements and central bank legislation. While the audit frameworks for central banks differ depending on their legal and institutional circumstances, central banks’ external audits increasingly follow international standards. Most of them are audited by auditors with international affiliations and embrace modern governance structures that provide for audit oversight. However, the paper also notes that a sizeable number of central banks do not publish the audit results in a timely manner, which leaves room for improvement in transparency practices.

Book & CD. This book is designed primarily for undergraduate and postgraduate students intending to pursue a career in internal auditing, as well as those chartered accountants with a specialist interest in governance and control issues. This book covers the basic concepts, philosophy and principles underlying the practice of internal auditing -- the relationships between the internal auditor, management and the external auditor. In addition, the student will gain a knowledge and understanding of the nature of an organisation. Risk management and the role of internal auditing in managing organisational risks in the context of current developments in corporate governance in both the public and private sectors are dealt with. The book is now prescribed for those studying for the Certified Internal Auditor professional qualification since it addresses the syllabus requirements of the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) and the Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing and Competency Framework for Internal Auditors. This book represents a practical integrated approach to the Institute of Internal Auditors' recommended internal audit approach, and may be implemented within an internal audit department in a cost-effective manner. Accordingly, the text may be useful as a reference manual for internal audits in practice.

Based on a survey between all national Institutes of Internal Auditing in Europe this book shows a widespread picture of European Corporate Governance activities and Internal Audit: - Specific questions regarding the current involvement of Internal Audit in Corporate Governance aspects; - the State of the art of Internal Audit: position, scope and quality management; - Focal points for improving the role of Internal Audit in Corporate Governance in Europe. All insights of the book are concentrated on European companies and offer European solutions for Internal Auditing. They are empirically founded and written in a clear and direct way for practical use. This is the first work for the European profession of Internal Audit that formulates eight focal points for improving the role of Internal Audit in Corporate Governance in Europe. The book shows how Internal Audit can fundamentally strengthen good Corporate Governance.

Today's internal auditor is responsible for creating higher standards of professional conduct and for greater protection against inefficiency, misconduct, illegal activity, and fraud. Now completely revised and updated, Brink's Modern Internal Auditing, Seventh Edition is a comprehensive resource and reference book on the changing world of internal auditing, including new coverage of the role of the auditor and internal control. An invaluable resource for both the new and seasoned internal auditor, the Seventh Edition provides auditors with the body of knowledge needed in order to be effective.