Bamboo often known as the 'Green Gold' is one of the fastest and highest yielding renewable natural resources. It has been found abundantly in all over the State of Northeast region of India. Since time immemorial, bamboo has been intertwined with socio-cultural and economic life of the tribal and rural poor. Its value is being rediscovered as important natural resources for poverty reduction and environment protection. The reduction of chronic poverty, to improve the socio-economic conditions of the rural poor and tribal in Northeastern states of India is a daunting task through local economic development programs. In Asia, bamboos take the character of "poor man's timber" since for many people, bamboo growing, harvesting and processing are essentially subsistence activities. It is a fundamental part of people's overall livelihood strategies.1

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North-East India, comprising the seven contiguous states around Assam, the principal state of the region, is a relatively unknown, yet very fascinating region. The forest clad peripheral mountains, home to indigenous peoples like the Nagas, Mizos and the Khasis, the densely populated Brahmaputra valley with its lush green tea gardens and the golden rice fields, the moderately populated hill regions and plateaus, and the sparsely inhabited Himalayas, form a unique mosaic of natural and cultural landscapes and human interactions, with unparalleled diversity. The book provides a glimpse into the region’s past and gives a comprehensive picture of its physical environment, people, resources and its economy. The physical environment takes into account not only the structural base of the region, its physical characteristics and natural vegetation but also offers an impression of the region’s biodiversity and the measures undertaken to preserve it. The people of the region, especially the indigenous population, inhabiting contrasting environments and speaking a variety of regional and local dialects, have received special attention, bringing into focus the role of migration that has influenced the traditional societies, for centuries. The book acquaints the readers with spatial distribution, life style and culture of the indigenous people, outlining the unique features of each tribe. The economy of the region, depending originally on primitive farming and cottage industries, like silkworm rearing, but now greatly transformed with the emergence of modern industries, power resources and expanding trade, is reviewed based on authentic data and actual field observations. The epilogue, the last chapter in the book, summarizes the authors’ perception of the region and its future.