In Bali in the Early Nineteenth Century, Helen Creese examines the nature of the earliest sustained cross-cultural encounter between the Balinese and the Dutch through the eyewitness accounts of Pierre Dubois, the first colonial official to live in Bali. From 1828 to 1831, Dubois served as Civil Administrator to the Badung court in southern Bali. He later recorded his Balinese experiences for the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences in a series of personal letters to an anonymous correspondent. This first ethnography of Bali provides rich, perceptive descriptions of early nineteenth-century Balinese politics, society, religion and culture. The book includes a complete edition and translation of Dubois’ Légère Idée de Balie en 1830/Sketch of Bali in 1830.

Combining great learning, interpretative originality, analytical sensitivity, and a charismatic prose style, Clifford Geertz has produced a lasting body of work with influence throughout the humanities and social sciences, and remains the foremost anthropologist in America. His 1980 book Negara analyzed the social organization of Bali before it was colonized by the Dutch in 1906. Here Geertz applied his widely influential method of cultural interpretation to the myths, ceremonies, rituals, and symbols of a precolonial state. He found that the nineteenth-century Balinese state defied easy conceptualization by the familiar models of political theory and the standard Western approaches to understanding politics. Negara means "country" or "seat of political authority" in Indonesian. In Bali Geertz found negara to be a "theatre state," governed by rituals and symbols rather than by force. The Balinese state did not specialize in tyranny, conquest, or effective administration. Instead, it emphasized spectacle. The elaborate ceremonies and productions the state created were "not means to political ends: they were the ends themselves, they were what the state was for.... Power served pomp, not pomp power." Geertz argued more forcefully in Negara than in any of his other books for the fundamental importance of the culture of politics to a society. Much of Geertz's previous work--including his world-famous essay on the Balinese cockfight--can be seen as leading up to the full portrait of the "poetics of power" that Negara so vividly depicts.

Debido a su relativo aislamiento y a una larga tradición de investigaciones y estudios, Bali se ha convertido en una rica fuente de información sobre el tradicional “Estado-teatro” hindú del sudeste asiático. En esta obra, Clifford Geertz aplica su conocido método de análisis cultural a la organización social del Bali decimonónico y ofrece un vívido retrato de los símbolos, mitos, rituales y ceremonias –en breve, del “teatro”— que constituían en esencia el negara precolonial, el Estado balinés. El negara no era ni una tiranía ni un gobierno burocrático. De hecho, ni siquiera puede decirse que fuera un gobierno. Por el contrario, era un espectáculo organizado, un Estado-teatro diseñado para dramatizar las obsesiones dominantes de la cultura balinesa: la desigualdad social y el orgullo de pertenecer a un determinado estatus. Geertz, como conclusión, afirma que el Estado balinés desafia las conceptualizaciones más fáciles procedentes de cualquiera de los modelos y lugares comunes familiares en el marco de la teoría política occidental. Analizando los principios organizativos del Estado balinés, a través de sus diversos niveles y funciones, demuestra las limitaciones de todos los intentos de distinguir el carácter «práctico» del ritual de dicha organización. De esta forma, el autor remedia las deficiencias y distorsiones de las modernas nociones occidentales que reducen la política al poder, el Estado a un artefacto organizativo comprensible en términos puramente instrumentales y los procesos simbólicos o culturales a un mero accesorio del arte de gobernar.