Voltado a todos os que almejam falar ou escrever com fluência e naturalidade, sejam aprendizes, escritores ou tradutores, este livro apresenta as combinações lexicais consagradas, ou seja aquelas unidades convencionais que têm maior probabilidade de serem empregadas pelos falantes nativos. Essas abrangem uma grande variedade de categorias, desde binômios como knife and fork em inglês e garfo e faca em português, até fórmulas situacionais como Hands off! em inglês e seu correspondente Tire as mãos daí em português. Nesta edição, foram acrescentados quadros comparativos que incluem exemplos também em alemão, espanhol, francês e italiano além de sugestões de exercícios.

This book is a collection of the papers presented and discussed at the 11th Corpus Linguistics Symposium (ELC 2012), held at the Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação (Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science) of the University of São Paulo, at São Carlos, Brazil. The sessions addressed the following six topics: Corpus Linguistics and Language Description; Translation, Terminology and Corpora; Spoken Language and Corpora; Natural Language Processing and Corpora; Corpus Annotation; and Corpora and Multiple Documents. These unique studies will inspire readers with an interest in Linguistics, and will provide motivation for conducting further research in the interdisciplinary area of Language Technologies and Linguistic Research.

Peer reviewed articles from the Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science (NLPCS) 2014 meeting in October 2014 workshop. The meeting fosters interactions among researchers and practitioners in NLP by taking a Cognitive Science perspective. Articles cover topics such as artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, psycholinguistics, cognitive psychology and language learning.

This e-book brings together 13 chapters written by aviation English researchers and practitioners settled in six different countries, representinginstitutions and universities from around the globe. This e-book is an offshoot of the 8th GEIA Seminar, that counts on the collaboration of GEIA and ICAEA researchers, as well as guest speakers. It brings together thirteen chapters focused on aviation language description, teaching, and assessment, written by practitioners from several institutions around the globe. One of our guests and a keynote speaker, Prof. Eric Friginal, added the excellent contribution of his graduate students from Georgia State University, in the USA, and kindly wrote the Preface. Regarding its content, this e-book has been divided into three parts, according to GEIA’s areas of research: language description and analysis; aeornautical English teaching; and assessment practices.The studies collected in this e-book offer us enriching and enlightening discussions that support and promote a better understanding of some key features underlying aviation English language, teaching and assessment practices. We are very pleased to make part of this work. It goes without saying the importance of this e-book for the aviation English field and community. This international publication, besides collecting the studies and work experiences of renowned researches, has also contributed to strengthen the enriching partnership between GEIA members and other researchers. The fact of having been published as an e-book will certainly benefit its circulation and the spreading awareness of aviation English challenges, updates and findings. One of our goals is to spread the news, by making this ESP e-book free for download by as many people and institutions as possible worldwide. Those who place great weight on aeronautical English teaching and assessment practices are aware of the interwoven relation among operational issues, communication and safety. That’s why we believe the discussions and analysis carried out throughout this book are so relevant and should reach international communities and organizations in all parts of the globe. Enjoy your reading! Patrícia Tosqui-Lucks Juliana de Castro Santana

Although Portuguese is one of the main world languages and researchers have been working on Portuguese electronic text collections for decades (e.g. Kelly, 1970; Biderman, 1978; Bacelar do Nascimento et al., 1984; see Berber Sardinha, 2005), this is the first volume in English that encapsulates the exciting and cutting-edge corpus linguistic work being done with Portuguese language corpora on different continents. The book includes chapters by leading corpus linguists dealing with Portuguese corpora across the world, and their contributions explore various methods and how they are applicable to a wide range of language issues. The book is divided into six sections, each covering a key issue in Corpus Linguistics: lexis and grammar, lexicography, language teaching and terminology, translation, corpus building and sharing, and parsing and annotation. Together these sections present the reader with a broad picture of the field.

Anger is one of the basic emotions of human emotional experience, informing and guiding many of our choices and actions. Although it has received considerable scholarly attention in a number of disciplines, including linguistics, a basic question has still remained unresolved: why do variations in the folk model of anger exist across languages if it is indeed a basic emotion rooted in largely universal bodily experience? By drawing on a wide selection of comparable linguistic data from dozens of languages (including a number of less-researched languages), this volume provides the most comprehensive account of what is universal and what is variable in the folk model of anger – and why. It also investigates the role that metonymies might play in the emergence of anger-related metaphors and in what ways context influences or shapes anger metaphors and thereby the resulting folk model of anger. No such volume exists in the (cognitive) linguistic literature on anger – or on emotions for that matter. The book is thus an essential contribution to the study of anger and will serve as basic reading for any researcher interested in how the conceptualization of anger is constructed via the interplay of bodily experience, language and the larger cultural context.