The design process for development of engines could be made faster and less expensive with the help of computations which help understanding the processes prevalent in internal combustion engines. Running engine simulations are challenging as they need to accurately capture the fluid dynamic and chemical kinetic processes that occur in an engine. A major challenge in simulating chemical kinetic processes is the complexity of the fuel chemistry: real fuels are complex mixtures whose composition determines their physical properties and reactivity. The behavior of these real fuels can be conveniently represented using simpler mixtures often called â€surrogates mixtures†that match the key properties of the real fuels. Successful modeling of the ignition of real fuel first requires the formulation of an appropriate surrogate mixture whose compositions are carefully chosen in order to best emulate the combustion properties of the targeted real fuel. Then a comprehensive chemical kinetic model developed based on the surrogate fuel is used to simulate the combustion process of the real fuel. The work presented in the current dissertation intends to systematically study the surrogate modeling of diesel fuels. The study has been conducted to understand the ignition of surrogate fuel constituents and fully blended diesel fuels. Autoignition of tetralin, 1-methylnaphthalene, iso-cetane, and n-dodecane, the constituents of diesel surrogates, are investigated in the current dissertation. Besides, ignition of binary blends of the surrogate constituents has also been studied to investigate the effects of blending on ignition when neat components are blended to formulate a surrogate fuel. Furthermore, the ignition of two fully blended research grade diesel fuels has also been conducted inorder to provide quality ignition delay data for development and validation of chemical kinetic models of kinetic fuels.

Because of increasingly stringent engine emissions and fuel economy standards, there is an urgent need for developing future diesel engines with higher efficiency and lower emissions. Therefore, low temperature combustion is currently being pursued to develop new types of advanced diesel engines. Since low temperature combustion is more sensitive to chemical kinetics, the understanding of the autoignition characteristics of diesel fuels under low-to-intermediate temperatures becomes important. In order to achieve the goal of higher efficiency and lower emissions diesel engines, both experimental and computational investigations of diesel fuels at low-to-intermediate temperatures need to be conducted, as the experimental autoignition results help develop a comprehensive understanding of diesel ignition and provide a validation database for model development, and a comprehensive chemical kinetic model of diesel is also imperative for accurate prediction of ignition and emissions characteristics of diesel engines. Because diesel fuels contain hundreds, even thousands of species, and the composition of diesel is too complex to model, it is also necessary to develop surrogate fuels, which are simpler mixtures that include fuel components representative of hydrocarbon classes found in diesel fuels, and can capture the essential chemical/physical properties and performance characteristics of the target diesel fuel to sufficient accuracy. Therefore, the work presented in the current dissertation aims to gain better understandings and fill in gaps in fundamental combustion data of diesel-surrogate components and surrogate fuel mixtures relevant to diesel fuels. Autoignition of trans-decalin at low-to-intermediate temperatures has been investigated first to get a better understanding of its autoignition characteristics, and the development of a detailed chemical kinetic model of diesel surrogates has been benefited from the results of trans-decalin. The agreements of the developed diesel surrogate model have been tested by comparing with the current autoignition results of diesel surrogates, and possible sources of discrepancies between experimental and simulated results have also been investigated. Based on that, binary blends of iso-cetane and tetralin are further chosen for autoignition investigation to help find out possible reasons causing those discrepancies and to further benefit the refinement and development of comprehensive diesel surrogate models.

Diesel engine has become a popular choice for trucks, trains, boats, and most other heavy-duty applications. The inherent benefits of diesel engine are high thermal efficiency and specific power output, but there is a concern about high levels of engine-out NOx and particulate matter emissions, which is a major contributor in environment pollution. Moreover, concern about the crisis of crude oil reserves, increasing gas price, trade deficit, and homeland security enhances the interests in alternative fuels. Unlike conventional diesel fuel, alternative fuels have wide range of properties, such as volatility, cetane number, density, viscosity and lower heating value, which influence the behavior of fuel and formation of products. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effect of these fuel properties on autoignition, combustion, performance, and emissions under compression ignition conditions to evaluate the operational capability of diesel engines fueled with alternative fuels. This dissertation covers a detailed investigation of the autoignition, combustion, and emission characteristics of alternative fuels and their surrogates in a constant volume vessel of Ignition Quality Tester (IQT), optically accessible rapid compression machine (RCM), and Partnership for Next Generation of Vehicle (PNGV) single cylinder diesel engine. Experimental data and simulation results indicate that the fuel properties, such as cetane number and volatility, influence the autoignition and combustion processes in diesel engine environment.

Pounder's Marine Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines, Tenth Edition, gives engineering cadets, marine engineers, ship operators and managers insights into currently available engines and auxiliary equipment and trends for the future. This new edition introduces new engine models that will be most commonly installed in ships over the next decade, as well as the latest legislation and pollutant emissions procedures. Since publication of the last edition in 2009, a number of emission control areas (ECAs) have been established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in which exhaust emissions are subject to even more stringent controls. In addition, there are now rules that affect new ships and their emission of CO2 measured as a product of cargo carried. - Provides the latest emission control technologies, such as SCR and water scrubbers - Contains complete updates of legislation and pollutant emission procedures - Includes the latest emission control technologies and expands upon remote monitoring and control of engines

The last three chapters of this book deal with application of methods presented in previous chapters to estimate various thermodynamic, physical, and transport properties of petroleum fractions. In this chapter, various methods for prediction of physical and thermodynamic properties of pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures, petroleum fractions, crude oils, natural gases, and reservoir fluids are presented. As it was discussed in Chapters 5 and 6, properties of gases may be estimated more accurately than properties of liquids. Theoretical methods of Chapters 5 and 6 for estimation of thermophysical properties generally can be applied to both liquids and gases; however, more accurate properties can be predicted through empirical correlations particularly developed for liquids. When these correlations are developed with some theoretical basis, they are more accurate and have wider range of applications. In this chapter some of these semitheoretical correlations are presented. Methods presented in Chapters 5 and 6 can be used to estimate properties such as density, enthalpy, heat capacity, heat of vaporization, and vapor pressure. Characterization methods of Chapters 2-4 are used to determine the input parameters needed for various predictive methods. One important part of this chapter is prediction of vapor pressure that is needed for vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations of Chapter 9.

This book deals with novel advanced engine combustion technologies having potential of high fuel conversion efficiency along with ultralow NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It offers insight into advanced combustion modes for efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels. Fundamentals of various advanced low temperature combustion (LTC) systems such as HCCI, PCCI, PPC and RCCI engines and their fuel quality requirements are also discussed. Detailed performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of futuristic engine technologies such as PPC and RCCI employing conventional as well as alternative fuels are analyzed and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on soot particle number emission characterization, high load limiting constraints, and fuel effects on combustion characteristics in LTC engines. For closed loop combustion control of LTC engines, sensors, actuators and control strategies are also discussed. The book should prove useful to a broad audience, including graduate students, researchers, and professionals Offers novel technologies for improved and efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels; Deals with most advanced and futuristic engine combustion modes such as PPC and RCCI; Comprehensible presentation of the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of low temperature combustion (LTC) engines; Deals with closed loop combustion control of advanced LTC engines; State-of-the-art technology book that concisely summarizes the recent advancements in LTC technology. .