An Atlas and a Workbook Electrotherapy is a fundamental lecture in physiotherapy which captivates every student in their first experience. However this enthusiasm may not last long due to the lack of educational materials. Some important terms of electrotherapy need experimental experience or computer simulations to understand. Waveforms are the unique sign of therapeutic currents that can be only visible in the oscilloscope screen. It is not possible to understand terms like waveforms by only definitions. Also, anatomic drawings and cadaveric photo-atlas may not be sufficient to understand the multi layer structure of skeletal muscles which is very important for electrode displacement. This study was the first step in my studies to improve electrotherapy education. After this study I have developed electrotherapy patient simulators, simple circuits to generate therapeutic currents. I have also developed computer simulations for students to identify the relation between skin filter and therapeutic currents. But this study may be the heart of every other study with my book "Introduction to therapeutic currents" (only available in Turkish Language). In this study, students can find and benefit oscilloscope screenshots of common therapeutic currents. Where they can identify every parameter of electrotherapy devices to generate a therapeutic waveform. Also, students can find multilayer simplified drawings of human skeletal muscles to understand electrode displacements, an effective area of the therapeutic signal. At the end of the book, a workbook is provided for multilayer presentations. Also, axial slices are presented for the understanding of target tissue depth under each electrode. The study is divided into two parts; The first part is devoted to the reminding of muscle anatomy that the student may need in electrotherapy classes. In the second part, schematic representations are presented according to the muscle depths required for electrode placement. The visual material in the first chapter was used with the permission of Bartleby Bookstore ©, Stanford Medical Center Library © and NLM Visible Human Project ©. Drawings for electrode placement were made by author using Inkscape 2.0. With the wish to be useful to physiotherapy students...

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a technique that delivers mild electrical currents across the intact surface of the skin to reduce pain. TENS is used by practitioners throughout the world to manage painful conditions and TENS equipment can be purchased by the general public so that they can self-administer treatment. There are thousands of experimental and clinical research studies published on TENS and related techniques yet there is uncertainty about the best way to administer TENS in clinical practice. This is because currents used during TENS can be administered in a variety of ways and the findings of research studies have been inconclusive. This book provides guidance on how best to use TENS based on an evaluation of current research evidence. The book covers what TENS is, how it works, and safe and appropriate clinical techniques for many conditions including chronic low back pain, osteoarthritis and cancer pain. It also offers solutions to the problems faced by researchers when trying to design clinical trials on TENS. Accessibility written, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) provides a comprehensive coverage of research issues and findings about TENS and will be essential reading for healthcare professionals, practitioners and students.

The highly anticipated second edition is now completely revised & expanded to provide thorough, encyclopedic coverage of pathophysiology, diagnosis, & surgical management of all disorders as it remains gold-standard in the specialty. 450 chapters encompass the entire field of neurosurgery, & since each chapter focuses on specific topic in a concise format, the reader can review a subject quickly yet thoroughly.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art of practical applications of neuroprosthesis based on functional electrical stimulation for restoration of motor functions lost by spinal cord injury and discusses the use of brain-computer interfaces for their control. The book covers numerous topics starting with basics about spinal cord injury, electrical stimulation, electrical brain signals and brain-computer interfaces. It continues with an overview of neuroprosthetic solutions for different purposes and non-invasive and invasive brain-computer interface implementations and presents clinical use cases and practical applications of BCIs. Finally, the authors give an outlook on cutting edge research with a high potential for clinical translation in the near future. All authors committed themselves to use easy-to-understand language and to avoid very specific information, focusing instead on the essential aspects. This makes this book an ideal choice not only for researchers and clinicians at all stages of their education interested in the topic of brain-computer interface-controlled neuroprostheses, but also for end users and their caregivers who want to inform themselves about the current technological possibilities to improve paralyzed motor functions.

This book addresses the practical aspects of vibration exercise and vibration therapy. In addition, it describes the technical and physiological background, providing applied scientists and doctors with a deeper understanding of the therapeutic potential that vibration exercise holds. Having first emerged two decades ago, vibration exercise has since established itself as a widespread form of physical exercise, used in all rehabilitation areas. The goal of this book is to close the gap between scientific knowledge and practice. Given that occupational exposure to vibration leads to well-known unfavorable effects, the book is also dedicated to potential risks, hazards and contra-indications and of course, the application of vibration therapy in a number of specific conditions is presented in a clinically usable fashion. Given its breadth of coverage, this book will be of interest to physiotherapists and exercise scientists, but also to a wider range of physicians working in the field of rehabilitation.

This comprehensive text is the definitive academic pain medicine resource for medical students, residents and fellows. Acting as both an introduction and continued reference for various levels of training, this guide provides practitioners with up-to-date academic standards. In order to comprehensively meet the need for such a contemporary text—treatment options, types of pain management, and variables affecting specific conditions are thoroughly examined across 48 chapters. Categories of pain conditions include orofacial, neuropathic, visceral, neck, acute, muscle and myofascial, chronic urogenital and pelvic, acute, and regional. Written by renowned experts in the field, each chapter is supplemented with high-quality color figures, tables and images that provide the reader with a fully immersive educational experience. Academic Pain Medicine: A Practical Guide to Rotations, Fellowship, and Beyond is an unprecedented contribution to the literature that addresses the wide-spread requisite for a practical guide to pain medicine within the academic environment.

This book focuses on the modern clinical management of acute and chronic pain syndromes. It not only presents information in a clinically illuminating format, but in a manner that is cognizant of the current prescription opioid epidemic. Divided into seven sections, this book covers acute pain, common pain conditions, regional pain problems, interdisciplinary evaluation and treatment, medical treatments and pain in different stages of life. Concluding with the exploration of several special topics, the last section includes an important discussion on the regulatory and legal issues in the use of controlled substances. Chapters are concise and relevant, with an emphasis on treatment based upon evidence from clinical trials and interpretation by practitioners in the field. Expertly written text is further supplemented by high-quality figures, images and tables outlining proven treatments with drug, dose or other information describing details of treatment. Timely, informative, and socially conscious, Pain Management for Clinicians: A Guide to Assessment and Treatment is a valuable reference for clinicians who manage patients with chronic and common pain problems.